Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) marks a turn in human perspective parallel to and as significant as the turn from the Ptolemaic to the Copernican angle of vision. The Ptolemaic way of viewing the world is named after Claudius Ptolemy, one of the great geographers and astronomers of the Graeco-Roman period, who was active in Alexandria, Egypt, in the Second Century of the Christian Era. In Ptolemy’s...

qaisar aminpour is a post-revolution prominent poet who has composed poems in different fields and verse forms. he has composed 445 adult poems in five collections, the analysis of which seems necessary for gaining an exact understanding of the trend of the post-revolution poetry. in this article, the author, studying the titles of qaisar's poems in his five books, has tried to offer a new read...

Background: The existence of moral challenges resulting from political, social and economic crises is an inevitable issue of any society and government. Challenges are not urgent, they gradually turn into crises, and can ultimately pose a serious threat to the sovereignty. The Qajar government was in such a situation, especially after the Constitutional Revolution. Political crises and its inte...

Teachers’ Professional Competencies: Past, Present, and Future   M. Rezaai, Ph.D.*   The purpose of this paper is to review the expected professional competencies throughout the history of teacher training in Iran. As such it covers both the past, covering the period from teacher training inception in 1918 to the Islamic revolution in 1979; and the present, since the revolution. Of course t...