This article discusses the historical role of Islam in the political evolution of Guinea in the broader context of Muslims’ experience of nation/state building and globalization in Africa. This role is examined on the premise that Islam is one of the major globalizing forces (more in the body of the paper on this idea of Islam as a globalizing force) responsible for the formation of what expert...

It is very important to understand the nature of digital media and its various categories and the position of this media and modern communication technology in the present social and political interactions. Explaining different kinds of discourses and different principles, theories, and conceptual models of the society along with the role of digital media is one of the most effective tools of i...

R enal transplantation in Iran dates back to 1967, when the first transplantation was carried out by Dr. Mohammad Sanadizadeh in Shiraz University, then one of the major and most advanced medical universities in Iran. During the next 12 years, the period prior to Islamic revolution, sporadic cases were transplanted, but despite the high expenses and cultural and language barrier, most of the 11...

The purpose of this chapter is to take a close look at the implications of the " devo-lution revolution " for a particular aspect of public assistance, namely, progress toward inclusive education as federal policy. The term " devolution revolution " refers to the recent shift in federal policy to increasingly turn fiscal resources and responsibilities over to the states for the administration o...

the main goal of this article, this review is that due to the decline of the united states america's soft power after the invasion of iraq in march 2003 - due to the power of unilateral hardware-based - iran can and should according to the religious, historical, and cultural commonalities with its neighboring, strengthen software sources of power than the new iraq to create a strategic and...

While ideologies and elites change, patronage politics remains the preferred strategy of Central Asia’s autocrats. Aspiring presidents-for-life distribute wealth to handpicked appointees who reciprocate by implementing, to varying degrees, executive policy. Shared strategies of rule, however, do not translate into shared state capacity. The trains do not always run on time, and in many places i...

Venereal diseases are still a common prohlem in today's world. Even though tremendous advances are heing made in medicine and large budgets are heing spent to control sexually transmitted diseases (STD), especially in western countries, these diseases are still yet very common, and today AIDS has been added to the threats posed hy STD to human life. The status of syphilis was evaluated in Iran ...

significant sociopolitical changes in recent decades have not only influenced the nursing profession, but also the entire iranian healthcare system. this study describes the historical evolution of the nursing profession within a sociopolitical context. this historical review of unpublished and published literature endorsed personal accounts of historic events by 14 of the oldest nurses in iran...