1212 JEM Vol. 206, No. 6, 2009 After earning his PhD with Jim Allison at the University of California, Berkeley, Max Krummel went down under to work with Ken Shortman and Bill Heath at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne. But it wasn’t until his second postdoc that Krummel cut his teeth on real-time microscopy while studying T cell signaling in Mark Davis’ laboratory at Stanford Un...

The B cell receptor is required for the emigration of newly generated B lymphocytes and for their maintenance in the periphery. A specific maintenance defect was noted in fraction I (IgDhighIgMlow) B cells in Xid mice (which harbor a mutation in Btk). Although Bcl-2 levels in fractions I and II (IgDhighIgMhigh) are equivalent in normal and Xid B cells, a novel peak of Bcl-2low fraction III (IgD...

Older adults favor emotionally positive material over emotionally negative material in information processing. Given the potentially harmful consequences of avoiding negative information, this aging positivity effect may provide benefits that offset its costs. To test this possibility, we assessed positivity in recall and blood indicators of immune function among older adults. Greater positivit...

BACKGROUND Delayed entry into HIV care has complicated the challenges faced in sub-Saharan Africa due to the high HIV burden. A clear knowledge of the factors affecting delayed entry will be essential in directing interventions towards reducing delayed entry into HIV care. There exist very limited data on delayed entry in Cameroon despite its relevance; hence this study was conducted to determi...

As a consequence of positive selection in the thymus, immature CD4(+)8(+) double-positive, [DP] thymocytes selectively terminate synthesis of one coreceptor molecule and, as a result, differentiate into either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells. The decision by individual DP thymocytes to terminate synthesis of one or the other coreceptor molecule is referred to as lineage commitment. Previously, we repo...

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of HIV is important for the prognosis of individual patients, because antiretroviral treatment can be started at the appropriate time, and for public health, because transmission can be prevented. METHODS Data were collected from 767 HIV patients who were diagnosed in Sweden during 2003-2010 and were infected in Sweden or born in Sweden and infected abroad. A recent...