Humoral immunity is one component of the human immune system and is the most important determinant of whether an invading pathogen (such as bacteria or viruses) establishes infection. This form of immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and involves the neutralizing of pathogen receptor binding sites to inhibit the pathogen's entry into target cells. A master equation in both discrete and in cont...

Properties of intermediate-range coupling are studied in 1-dimensional coupled map lattices (CMLs). Phase diagrams have been constructed which describe the relationship between the range of coupling and coupling strength. A delicate low-dimensional attractor is emerging for non-global interactions in the case of weak coupling, while the leading Lyapunov exponent is a large positive number.

In this research, using the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), a new model is proposed to predict the behavior of reinforced concrete coupling beams. The model is able to consider the effects of shear and axial forces and bending moment, simultaneously. The proposed model includes a nonlinear shear spring, an axial spring and some nonlinear springs for considering bending deformations. I...

We discuss the theory and experimental considerations of a quantum feedback scheme for producing deterministically reproducible spin squeezing. Continuous nondemolition atom number measurement from monitoring a probe field conditionally squeezes the sample. Simultaneous feedback of the measurement results controls the quantum state such that the squeezing becomes unconditional. We find that for...

The goal of this work was to simulate the effect of the finite conductivity of semiconductor substrates on the on-chip coupling inductance and then to investigate the effect of the on-chip coupling inductance on circuit crosstalk. In addition, the limitations of standard approaches for estimating coupling inductance are examined. A method for the reduction of the coupling inductance and its eff...

GABAergic interneurons can pace the activity of principal cells and are thus critically involved in the generation of oscillatory and synchronous network activity. The specific role of various GABAergic subpopulations, however, has remained elusive. This is in part attributable to the scarcity of certain GABAergic neurons and the difficulty of identifying them in slices obtained from brain regi...

We report the results of our study on the role of microfluidic infiltration technique in improving the coupling characteristics of dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) couplers. Using the finite element method (FEM), we evaluate the effective mode area, dispersion and coupling parameters of an infiltrated dual-core PCF. We use these parameters to design a compact and reconfigurable coupler by...

Biological oscillations are found ubiquitously in cells and are widely variable, with periods varying from milliseconds to months, and scales involving subcellular components to large groups of organisms. Interestingly, independent oscillators from different cells often show synchronization that is not the consequence of an external regulator. What is the underlying design principle of such syn...

The allosteric coupling free energy between ligands fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) and phospho(enol)pyruvate (PEP) for phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK) from the moderate thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsPFK), results from compensating enthalpy and entropy components. In BsPFK the positive coupling free energy that defines inhibition is opposite in sign from the negative enthalpy term and ...