BACKGROUND: The effective porosity is an important quantitative parameter for food products that has a significant effect on taste and quality. It is challenging to quantify the apparent porosity of fried potato crisps as they have a thin irregularly shaped cross section containing oil and water. This study uses a novel Micro-CT technique to determine the solid volume fraction and hence the eff...

We investigate the degree to which the nearly symmetric form of X-ray emission lines seen in Chandra spectra of early-type supergiant stars can be explained by the porous nature of their spatially structured stellar winds. Such porosity could effectively reduce the bound-free absorption of X-rays emitted by embedded wind shocks, and thus allow a more similar tranmission of redand blue-shifted w...

The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Garvan Calculator have improved the individual prediction of fracture risk. However, additional bone measurements that might enhance the predictive ability of these tools are the subject of research. There is increasing interest in cortical parameters, especially cortical porosity. Neither FRAX nor Garvan include measurements of cortical architecture...

At the study of non-Gaussian signatures in CMB we recently have shown that the low density regions, the voids, can induce hyperbolicity properties to null geodesics in globally flat and slightly positively curved Universe with matter inhomogeneities. In terms of an introduced porosity parameter, we now obtain the criterion for hyperbolicity: high underdensity regions, i.e. almost empty voids an...

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep, unmineable coalbeds is a very attractive option for geologic CO2 storage: the CO2 is stored and at the same time the recovery of coalbed methane (CBM) is enhanced. The revenue of methane (CH4) production can offset the expenditures of the storage operation. Coalbeds form complex gas reservoirs characterized by their dual porosity: they contain both...

Replamineform Inspired Bone Structures (RIBS) using multi-piece molds and advanced ceramic gelcasting technology.Abstract A new technology was developed for quickly, simply, and affordably creating Replamineform Inspired Bone Structures (RIBS) that combines multi-piece mold manufacturing for creating complex macroscale geometries with advanced ceramic gelcasting technology for controlling micro...

We investigated the effect of pre-heating a femoral component on the porosity and strength of bone cement, with or without vacuum mixing used for total hip replacement. Cement mantles were moulded in a manner simulating clinical practice for cemented hip replacement. During polymerisation, the temperature was monitored. Specimens of cement extracted from the mantles underwent bending or fatigue...