Zirconia is unique in its polymorphic crystalline makeup, reported to be sensitive to manufacturing and handling processes, and there is debate about which processing method is least harmful to the final product. Currently, zirconia restorations are manufactured by either soft or hard-milling processes, with the manufacturer of each claiming advantages over the other. Chipping of the veneering ...

OBJECTIVES This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain after acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel treatment over different periods of time. METHODS One hundred and fifty-six feldspathic specimens were divided into 12 groups. Group C received no treatment (control group). Groups APF1 through APF10, ten experimental groups, were tre...

This study evaluated the effect of porcelain surface treatment on the shear bond strength of composite resin to various porcelains and porcelain combinations. A variety of feldspathic porcelains with low and medium alumina content were tested. Porcelain/composite resin samples were stored in 37 degrees C water, thermocycled 1,000 times, and tested in shear. A 3-minute etching using hydrofluoric...

Calcification of the gallbladder wall (porcelain gallbladder) is an intense structure and uncommon manifestation seen in chronic cholecystitis and resulting from chronic inflammation of the gallbladder wall. Patients with porcelain gallbladder are usually considered not at risk of acute cholecystitis. However, sporadic cases of cholecystitis on porcelain gallbladder have been described in liter...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that porcelain surface finishing, ie, low- and high-fusing porcelain, has an effect on the amount of force required to debond orthodontic brackets. A total of 20 high-fusing and 20 low-fusing porcelain specimens were prepared, polished, and bonded with standard edgewise brackets using a suggested porcelain bonding protocol. The brackets were ...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Increasing the thickness of the veneering porcelain may affect the polymerization of resin cements. Incomplete polymerization of resin cements can lead to compromised quality of restoration and decrease the longevity of indirect restorations. PURPOSE This study sought to assess the effect of IPS Empress porcelain thickness on the degree of conversion of light-cure and...

OBJECTIVES Marginal adaptation is important for long-term success of full-coverage restorations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of porcelain firing cycle and different thicknesses of IPS e.max core on marginal accuracy of all-ceramic restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard stainless steel die with 0.8 mm classic chamfer finish line and 10° taper was used in this in v...

Synopsis The application of zirconia ceramics for the dental restorations and dental implants has increased. However the weak performance of the veneering porcelains and low adhesion to the zirconia framework were reported. In this study, the micro-structure, elemental distribution and crystal phase around the interface between zirconia and veneering porcelain were estimated using SEM-EDS (ener...

OBJECTIVE To assess four different chemical surface conditioning methods for ceramic material before bracket bonding, and their impact on shear bond strength and surface integrity at debonding. METHODS Four experimental groups (n = 13) were set up according to the ceramic conditioning method: G1 = 37% phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application; G2 = 37% liquid phosphoric acid etch...