As the second decade of the 21st century ticks by, Asian elephants remain endangered across their range. Although not yet extinct in any of the 13 range states, in five countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal and Vietnam, the number of wild elephants in the entire country is less than 200 (Cao Thi Ly 2011; Islam et al. 2011; Jigme & Williams 2011; Pradhan et al. 2011; Zhang 2011), and in ano...

Due to the technical developments in electronics the amount of digital content is continuously increasing. In order to make digital content respectively multimedia content available to potentially large and geographically distributed consumer populations, Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) are used. The main task of current CDNs is the efficient delivery and increased availability of content ...

The method of choosing the best boundaries that make strata internally homogeneous as far as possible is known as optimum stratification. To achieve this, the strata should be constructed in such a way that the strata variances for the characteristic under study be as small as possible. If the frequency distribution of the study variable x is known, the Optimum Strata Boundaries (OSB) could be ...

In this paper, we propose a new network growth model and its learning algorithm to more precisely model such a real-world growing network as the Web. Unlike the conventional models, we have incorporated directional attachment and community structure for this purpose. We show that the proposed model exhibits a degree distribution with a power-law tail, which is an important characteristic of man...

The Estimation of Distribution Algorithms are a class of evolutionary algorithms which adopt probabilistic models to reproduce the genetic information of the next generation, instead of conventional crossover and mutation operations. In this paper, we propose new EDAs which incorporate mutation operator to conventional EDAs in order to keep the diversities in EDA populations. Experiments result...

We develop the qualitative theory of the solutions of the McKendrick partial differential equation of population dynamics. We calculate explicitly the weak solutions of the McKendrick equation and of the Lotka renewal integral equation with time and age dependent birth rate. Mortality modulus is considered age dependent. We show the existence of demography cycles. For a population with only one...

For the directed edge preferential attachment network growth model studied by Bollobás et al. (2003) and Krapivsky and Redner (2001), we prove that the joint distribution of in-degree and out-degree has jointly regularly varying tails. Typically the marginal tails of the in-degree distribution and the out-degree distribution have different regular variation indices and so the joint regular vari...

the turkmans are one of the iranian ethnic population. hla typing (class i and ii) was performed in this population. the data obtained from this study was compared with different populations of the world. we observed that the turkman population is most similar to the northern chinese and uigur population. the distributions of hla antigens in turkmans are somewhat between iranian population, nor...

Network growth and evolution is a fundamental theme that has puzzled scientists for the past decades. A number of models have been proposed to capture important properties of real networks. In an attempt to better describe reality, more recent growth models embody local rules of attachment, however they still require a primitive to randomly select an existing network node and then some kind of ...

In this paper, we present a novel model of an artificial immune system (AIS), based on the process that suffers the T-Cell. The proposed model is used for global optimization problems. The model operates on four populations: Virgins, Effectors (CD4 and CD8) and Memory. Each of them has a different role, representation and procedures. We validate our proposed approach with a set of test function...