Two experiments were conducted in 200-m earthen ponds at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, for 87 days to test the feasibility of an integrated pen-cum-pond system, which utilizes wastes from intensive culture of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus C. gariepinus) as nutrients for semi-intensive culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This integrated pen-cum-pond system enhance...

The Rab1-Nielsen formulas are used to make predictions for solar pond operations for four locations situated in different solar insulation zones in Iran. The inputs to the computer program for determining the temperature variation at the bottom of the pond are the total insulation (corrected for cloudiness). ambient temperature, insolating layer thickness, convection layer thickness and load. T...

In general, water cannot be economically pumped through raceways; it must flow through them by gravity. The need for large volumes of good quality water is the principal reason raceways have been limited to sites with large springs. Most raceway culture in the U.S. is with coldwater species such as trout and is based around locations with high volume, cold springs, or creeks. A few raceway syst...

The dynamics of ecological communities emerge from the interplay of local and regional processes, but there are few long-term data on multiple interacting species across multiple sites to evaluate these processes. We report the population dynamics of two species of treefrogs, the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) and the chorus frog (P. triseriata), in 37 ponds over 11 years. We examined the ...

Anthropogenic environmental changes are hypothesized as main reasons for animal species population declines. Heavy metals contamination is one of the worst threats to animals among human-caused threats. As most of the heavy metals bioaccumulate in organisms, analyzing concentrations of heavy metals in long living animals, such as turtles, would be very useful for biomonitoring of environmental ...