Animals can be trained to avoid eating specific foods by offering them the food and subsequently administering an emtic to induce nausea. The animal associates the taste of the food with the induced illness and subsequently avoids eating that food. Conditioned food aversion (CFA) is a potential tool to prevent livestock poisoning from palatable and abundant poisonous plants. Cattle have been tr...

nuated blood, with the altered character of its elements; the dilatation of the pupils; the foaming at the mouth; and the general lethargy, followed by convulsions and death. J This is not a poisonous snake. It is known also, in Bengal, as Betaehra. The term lineatus has been suggested by Dr. Sircar, because of the resemblance of the snake to the one described under that namely Russel at page 3...

The unripe fruits of certain species are red. Some of these species disperse their seeds by wind (Nerium oleander, Anabasis articulata), others by adhering to animals with their spines (Emex spinosa) or prickles (Hedysarum spinosissimum). Certainly neither type uses red coloration as advertisement to attract the seed dispersing agents. Fleshy-fruited species (Rhamnus alaternus, Rubus sanguineus...

1. Oxygen in concentrations of over 70 per cent of an atmosphere is poisonous to dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and mice. 2. The poisonous effects manifest themselves in drowsiness, anorexia, loss of weight, increasing dyspnea, cyanosis and death from oxygen want. 3. The cause of oxygen want is a destructive lesion of the lungs. 4. The lesion may be characterized grossly as an hemorrhagic edema. Mi...

We often are unable to reduce wildlife damage because of our inability to apply a repellent directly to the plant, animal, or item that needs protection. Conditioned food aversions based on deception (CFABD) is one method that can be used to extend protection to these items (hereafter called models). In CFABD, the model is not treated; instead mimics of the model are created and then treated wi...

A one year retrospective study of snake bite cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital of western maharashtra. Original Article Aim: To determine the demographic characteristics & determinants of the outcome of Snake bite cases. METHODOLOGY: A Hospital record based retrospective study (Dec. 2010 to Nov.2011) was carried out & information regarding demographic characteristics & determinants of ...

AIM To report our experience of acute kidney injury (AKI) developed after exposure to poisonous substance. METHODS Retrospective study where data was collected from case records of patients coming to this institute during January 1990 to May 2016. This institution is a tertiary care center for renal care in the metropolitan city of Karachi, Pakistan. History of ingested substance, symptoms on...

From the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga, a new glutamate-containing dipeptide was isolated. Its structure was deduced to be N-(gamma-aminobutyryl)-L-glutamic acid (10) based on spectral data and was confirmed by synthesis.

Theories of species coexistence have played a central role in ecology and evolutionary studies of the origin and maintenance of biodiversity in highly diverse communities. The concept of niche and associated theories predict that competition for available ecological space leads to a ceiling in species richness that influences further diversification patterns. By contrast, the neutral theory sup...

Morphological integration can respond to environmental conditions, a response that may be dynamic through ontogeny. Among fishes, brook charrs (Salvelinus fontinalis) display a trophic polymorphism that makes it a good species for analyzing the ontogeny of morphological integration. To better understand the processes regulating variation and integration, we assess the ontogenetic dynamics of co...