An 18-year-old man presented with altered mental status. He was found to have diabetic ketoacidosis. Chest X-ray showed pneumomediastinum. After intubation for air-way protection, an oral-gastric tube was placed. A chest computed tomography scan showed the tip of the oral-gastric tube to be in the right hemithorax. The patient underwent a thoracotomy and was managed in the intensive care unit. ...

We report the case of a healthy 21-year-old woman who performed iterative breath-hold dives in relatively cold water, not exceeding depths of 5 meters but with "empty lungs." At the end of a dive, after experiencing an intense involuntary diaphragmatic contraction underwater, she presented hemoptysis followed by chest pain and cough. Chest radiography and computed tomography were performed 24 h...

An 86-year-old female with a history of right rotator cuff injury was admitted for arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia. There were no remarkable immediate postoperative complications. However, while recovering in the general ward, she developed dyspnea with hypoxia. She was immediately treated with oxygen, and antibiotics after pneumomediastinum was confirmed on both chest x-...

A 50-year-old male, a tobacco smoker, who was known to have ulcerative colitis presented with dry cough, chest pain, dysponea and frequent passage of blood and mucous mixed stools. Physical examination revealed clubbing, subcutaneous emphysema of upper chest and auscultatory findings of crunching sound over pre-cordial area and basal crepitations. Spirometry was suggestive of restrictive patter...

We have recently observed the case of a 36-year-old man with dermatomyositis of recent onset, who developed masive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema at the onset of a progresive and severe pulmonary disease. Although there were no sign of parenchymal cysts, after the bronchoscopy it was possible to observe endobronchial necrotic injury which was considered as the likely source of the...

Pneumomediastinum is a clinical event characterized by the presence of air in the mediastinum. Often a result of physical trauma, this condition results from air escaping from the respiratory airway and moving into the mediastinal cavity. Although rare, it can also develop following abdominal laparoscopic surgical procedures. Diagnosis is commonly made by visualizing a radiolucent airline in th...

A pneumomediastinum is a condition in which air is present in the mediastinum. It can result from a pulmonary barotrauma which occurs during sCUBA (self contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving. We report on a fifteen-year-old patient who suffered from a pulmonary barotrauma including a pneumomediastinum after sCUBA diving. The patient was admitted to the PICU (Paediatric Intensive Care...

Pneumomediastinum is an extremely rare complication after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Very few cases have been reported in the surgical literature to date and most reports indicate pneumoperitoneum from the transabdominal preperitoneal approach as a causative factor. This case report describes a patient in whom an elective total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair was complicated by...

We described a 41-year-old woman with dermatomyositis, interstitial lung disease, and cutaneous vasculopathy who developed a pneumomediastinum. The routine bronchoscopy investigation found pale lesions in the larynx, that extended to the tracheobronchial tree, and deep ulcers in the membranous wall of the trachea. The histopathology examination revealed an inflammatory process that was diagnose...