We compared neuronal activity in the dorsal and ventral premotor areas (PMd and PMv, respectively) when monkeys were preparing to perform arm-reaching movements in a motor-set period before their actual execution. They were required to select one of four possible movements (reaching to a target on the left or right, using either the left or right arm) in accordance with two sets of instruction ...

BACKGROUND Despite the availability of various options for movement restoration in stroke patients, there is no effective treatment for patients who show little or no functional recovery of upper limb motor function. OBJECTIVE The present study explored the feasibility of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging brain-computer interface (fMRI-BCI) as a new tool for rehabilitation of th...

In a series of experiments, we investigated how neurons in the different motor areas of the frontal lobe reflect the movement dynamics, and how their neuronal activity undergoes plastic changes when monkeys learn a new dynamics. Here we describe the results obtained in the dorsal premotor area (PMd) and ventral premotor area (PMv). Monkeys performed visually instructed, delayed reaching movemen...

Objective To investigate whether hypercapnic ventilatory response (defined as the ratio of the change in minute ventilation [[Formula: see text]] to the change in end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide [ΔPETCO2 ]) is a predictor of successful weaning in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) and to determine a reference value for clinical use. Methods A hypercapnic challen...

A smooth muscle plasma membrane vesicular fraction (PMV) purified for the (Ca2+/Mg2+)-ATPase has endogenous glycolytic enzyme activity. In the presence of glycolytic substrate (fructose 1,6-diphosphate) and cofactors, PMV produced ATP and lactate and supported calcium uptake. The endogenous glycolytic cascade supports calcium uptake independent of bath [ATP]. A 10-fold dilution of PMV, with the...

Plasmodium falciparum exports proteins into erythrocytes using the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) motif, which is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by plasmepsin V (PMV). A recent study reported that phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) concentrated in the ER binds to PEXEL motifs and is required for export independent of PMV, and that PEXEL motifs are functionally interchangeab...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence, risk factors, treatment practices, and outcomes of agitation in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in the long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) setting are not well understood. We compared agitation risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes between patients who developed agitation and those who did not, in LTACH patients undergoing PM...

The chronically critically ill (CCI) patient population is characterized by a prolonged need for high cost medical interventions, a high 1-year mortality rate, and a very high demand for post acute care services. The best characterized CCI patient population is patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). This review will focus on the current knowledge of costs and care venues for the c...

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and peanut mottle virus (PMV) are two potyviruses that cause yield losses and reduce seed quality in infested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields throughout the world. Rsv1 and Rpv1 are genes that provide soybean with resistance to SMV and PMV, respectively. Isolating and characterizing Rsv1 and Rpv1 are instrumental in providing insight into the molecular mechani...

Activation triggered by either observed or imagined actions suggests that the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) provides an action vocabulary that allows us to detect and anticipate basically invariant perceptual states in observed actions. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the same PMv region is also recruited by nonbiological (abstract) stimulus sequences as long as the temporal...