Biodiesel is produced by esterification-transesterification, using alcohol as a reactant and acid base catalysts. Electrocatalyst method to increase production yield utilizing H+ OH– ions catalyst. This study aims investigate the biodiesel process through esterification-transesterification reaction analyze physicochemistry of from CPO electrolysis platinum electrodes. was esterified-transesteri...

Precipitation titrations are based upon reactions that yield ionic compounds of limited solubility. The most important precipitating reagent is silver nitrate. Titrimetric methods based upon silver nitrate are sometimes termed argentometric methods. Potassium chromate can serve as an end point indicator for the argentometric determination of chloride, bromide and cyanide ions by reacting with s...

The platinum-based anticancer drug oxaliplatin is important clinically in cancer treatment. However, the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in controlling oxaliplatin membrane transport, in vivo handling, toxicity and therapeutic responses is unclear. In the current study, preparations of MRP2-expressing and control membrane vesicles, containing inside-out orientated vesic...

The present study is about the reduction of humic acids (HA) by electrocoagulation (EC) method. Undesirable color, odor, taste, reacting with chlorine to produce toxic materials in water, and making a complex with heavy metal ions are some unfavorable environmental consequences of HA. Platinum and graphite as anode electrodes and platinum, titanium, and aluminum as cathode electrodes were used ...

Potassium butyl dithiophosphate (PBD) was developed and introduced as a new chelating agent for heavy metal removal. The synthesized PBD were characterized by IR and NMR. The effects of pH, chelating agent dosage, and other heavy metal ions on the performance of PBD in Cd2+ removal from water are investigated. Experimental results showed that the chelating agent could be used to treat acidic he...

The application of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is severely impeded by the insufficient ionic conductivity and low Li+ transference numbers (tLi+). Here, we report an iodine-driven strategy to address both two long-standing issues SPEs simultaneously. Electronegative iodine-containing groups introduced on chains effectively attract ions, facilitate transport, promote dissociation Li salts....