During last two decades studies on endozoochorous seed dispersal indicated that a large numbers of plant seeds are potentially dispersed and suceefully germinated via animal dung. However, very little is known about the relative importance of endozoochory in germination success of plant species in semi-steppe rangelands. In this paper we examined dung germinating seed content, seed deposition p...

The aim of this research was to compare the amounts of existing mineral elements in plant aerial parts, litter and soil ofthree range species (Bromus tomentellus, Psathyrostachys fragilis, Agropyron tauri) in order to investigate the litter effectof species on soil properties of Taleghan rangeland. The measured mineral elements include carbon, nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium. After selection...

During last two decades studies on endozoochorous seed dispersal indicated that a large numbers of plant seeds are potentially dispersed and suceefully germinated via animal dung. However, very little is known about the relative importance of endozoochory in germination success of plant species in semi-steppe rangelands. In this paper we examined dung germinating seed content, seed deposition p...

Predation by exotic species has caused the extinction of many native animal species on islands, whereas competition from exotic plants has caused few native plant extinctions. Exotic plant addition to islands is highly nonrandom, with an almost perfect 1 to 1 match between the number of naturalized and native plant species on oceanic islands. Here, we evaluate several alternative implications o...

Marginal croplands, such as those in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), have been suggested as a source of biomass for biofuel production. However, little is known about the composition of plant species on these conservation grasslands or their potential for ethanol production. Our objective was to assess the potential of CRP and other conservation grasslands for biofuel production, descri...

rangelands have been composed of different plant species that emergence of phenological stages in every one of them will be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. in order to exploit the time and achieve acceptable performance in each plant species, it is necessary that the emergence of biological phenomena are recorded and studied. the objective of the present study is to survey the ...

Understanding how plant trait-species abundance relationships change with a range of single and multivariate environmental properties is crucial for explaining species abundance and rarity. In this study, the abundance of 94 woody plant species was examined and related to 15 plant leaf and wood traits at both local and landscape scales involving 31 plots in subtropical forests in eastern China....

Predation by exotic species has caused the extinction of many native animal species on islands, whereas competition from exotic plants has caused few native plant extinctions. Exotic plant addition to islands is highly nonrandom, with an almost perfect 1 to 1 match between the number of naturalized and native plant species on oceanic islands. Here, we evaluate several alternative implications o...

Paradoxically, death is an integral part of life. Cell death is essential for growth and development of eukaryotes, by maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis in concert with cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Until recently, the wide variety of cell death types reported in the literature was mostly caged in two semantic categories: apoptosis and necrosis. Discrimination between ...