It is shown that embeddings of planar graphs in the projective plane have very specific structure. By exhibiting this structure we indirectly characterize graphs on the projective plane whose dual graphs are planar. Whitney's Theorem about 2-switching equivalence of planar embeddings is generalized: Any two embeddings of a planar graph in the projective plane can be obtained from each other by ...

One limitation to housing rodents in individually ventilated cages (IVCs) is the ineffectiveness of traditional health monitoring programs that test soiled bedding sentinels every quarter. Aerogen transmission does not occur with this method. Moreover, the transmission of numerous pathogens in bedding is uncertain, and sentinel susceptibility to various pathogens varies. A novel method using pa...

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Abstract Study of secondary dolomitization and documentation the evolution basinal fluids host rock, especially that fine-grained deepwater carbonate mudstone are interest toward reservoir characterization. From this perspective, field characteristics in relation to mineralogy, petrography geochemistry Paleaozoic carbonates Kinta Valley, Peninsular Malaysia, were investigated documented. A tota...

Exploration is the primary way in which rodents gather information about their spatial surroundings. Thus, spatial theories propose that damage to the hippocampus, a structure thought to play a fundamental role in spatial behavior, should disrupt exploration. Exploration in rats is organized. The animals create home bases that are central to exploratory excursions and returns, and hippocampal f...

The broad aim of this study was to determine whether bedding level in the transport trailer influenced pig performance and welfare. Specifically, the objective was to define the bedding requirements of pigs during transportation in commercial settings during cold and mild weather. Animals (n = 112,078 pigs on 572 trailers) used were raised in commercial finishing sites and transported in traile...

An important diagnostic criterion for social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are difficulties in adjusting behavior to suit different social contexts. While the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) inbred strain of mice is one of the most commonly used mouse models for ASD, little is known about whether BTBR mice display deficits in detecting changes in social context and their ability ...

Enterobacteriaceae-associated blaCTX-M genes have become globally widespread within the past 30 years. Among isolates from Washington State cattle, Escherichia coli strains carrying blaCTX-M (CTX-M E. coli strains) were absent from a set of 2008 isolates but present in a set of isolates from 2011. On 30 Washington State dairy farms sampled in 2012, CTX-M E. coli prevalence was significantly hig...