OBJECTIVE To determine the most cost-effective method of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in asymptomatic sexually active adolescent females. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness decision analysis comparing pelvic examination with cervical screening (the current national standard) with a model of urine screening with ligase chain reaction testing for Chl...

The proximal metaphyses of the humerus of weanling gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) were investigated histologically and immunocytochemically between 4 and 41 days after infection. Viral antigen was demonstrated in hematopoietic marrow and bone cells at postinfection day (PID) 5 and PID 7, respectively. Between PID 8 and 27, CDV antigen was abundantly p...

In lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the principal immunodominant domain (PID) of the transmembrane glycoprotein elicits a strong humoral response in infected hosts. The PID is marked by the presence of two cysteines that delimit a sequence, composed of five to seven amino acids in different lentiviruses, which is highly conserved amon...

The extensive expansion of large photovoltaic (PV) farms in power systems diminishes both system inertia and synchronizing coupling. Due to the occurrence of several faults, the power system transient stability may be damaged. However the transient stability is improved by the fast power controlling ability of the PV inverter. This paper focuses on the new application of large PV farms equipped...

An unsolved ancient problem in position control of robot manipulators is to find a stability analysis that proves global asymptotic stability of the classical PID control in closed loop with robot manipulators. The practical evidence suggests that in fact the classical PID in industrial robots is a global regulator. The main goal of the present paper is theoreticall...

This paper proposes a kind of project which is about FPGA (the Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) hardware implementation scheme for PID AQM algorithm. According to the analyses of the relatively mature discrete PID algorithm, we realized PID algorithm by using the combination of LPM (Library of Parameter Modules) macro module and Verilog code in FPGA. In this article, we write the program of...

According to the nonlinear and time-varying uncertainty characteristics of direct drive electrohydraulic servo control system, a self-tuning fuzzy PID control method with speed change integral and differential ahead optimizing operator is put forward by combining fuzzy inference and traditional PID control in this paper. The rule of fuzzy logic is designed, the membership function of the fuzzy ...

We proposed a fuzzy control scheme to implement the cycle-to-cycle control for restoring swing phase of gait using functional electrical stimulation (FES). We designed two fuzzy controllers for the biceps femoris short head (BFS) and the vastus muscles to control flexion and extension of the knee joint during the swing phase. Control capabilities of the designed fuzzy controllers were tested an...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the role of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). METHODS The clinical and microbiologic variables in 114 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PID were compared prospectively according to the isolation of M. hominis and U. urealyticum from their endometrial cavities. RESULTS The groups were epidemiologic...

In this paper, the immune controller, is used to control the paralleled DC-DC converters. A PID controller is first applied and its coefficient is optimized using an intelligent (PSO) algorithm. Immune controller is then added to PID controller and an immune PID controller is formed. Two methods have been suggested to determine non-linear behavior of immune controller. In the first method, an e...