Quantum theory (QT) addresses phenomena of the physical world, information retrieval (IR) is concerned with social and psychological phenomena in world of human-created objects. Recent approaches to IR employ the mathematics of QT, but in doing so, inherit notions particular to physical phenomena such as entanglement and superposition; and is lead to wonder about laws of dynamics, and general s...

This paper relates the physical bases of the gassing phenomena in ultra-high vacuum. The main phenomena discussed are: diffusion of gases through system walls and solids in vacuum, solubility of gases on solids and permeation as well as the phenomena of adsorption, desorption and absorption.

the thomas-fermi (tf) equation has proved to beuseful for the treatment of many physical phenomena. in this pa-per, the traveling wave solutions of the kdv equation is investi-gated by the simplest equation method. also, the effect of differentparameters on these solitary waves is considered. the numericalresults is conformed the good accuracy of presented method.

We present several aspects of the screening of charged macromolecules in an electrolyte. After a review of the basic mean field approach, based on the linear Debye-Hückel theory, we consider the case of highly charged macromolecules, where the linear approximation breaks down and the system is described by the full nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Some analytical results for this nonlinear...

OBJECTIVES Nearly 400 years ago, René Descartes proposed a model of pain perception that characterized pain as a purely physical phenomenon, devoid of psychologic influence. The characterization of pain as an exclusively sensory (or experiential) phenomenon continues to dominate current conceptualizations of pain. METHODS This paper advances the view that the exclusive focus on pain sensation...

Superconductivity derives its most salient features from the coherence of the associated macroscopic wave function. The related physical phenomena have now moved from exotic subjects to fundamental building blocks for quantum circuits such as qubits or single photonic modes. Here we predict that the a.c. Josephson effect-which transforms a d.c. voltage Vb into an oscillating signal cos (2eVbt/ħ...