A typical battery is a set of nominally identical voltaic cells in series and/or parallel. We consider the discharge of a single voltaic cell. As the cell discharges due to current-carrying chemical reactions, the densities of the chemical components decrease, which leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the voltaic cell and, upon discharge, a decrease in its terminal voltage and cu...

This paper focuses on the integration of hybrid renewable energy resources available in remote isolated islands of Sundarban-24 Parganas-South of Eastern part of India to National Grid of conventional power supply to give a Smart-Grid scenario. Before grid-integration, feasibility of optimization of hybrid renewable energy system is monitored through an Intelligent Controller proposed to be ins...

The paper proposes two mathematical models of a photo-voltaic (PV) cell—the complete model and the simplified model—which can be used also for modeling a PV module or a PV string under any environmental condition. Both of them are based on the well-known five-parameters model, while the approach allows to write a new descriptive equation, whose terms are functions of the information always avai...

This paper focuses on the comparative study of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. It has been analysed with different combination of DC-DC converters. Due to poor efficiency of Photo voltaic (PV) systems some MPPT methods are proposed. All MPPT methods follow the same goal that is maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. In th...

Multilevel Inverters are emerging technology playing a vital role in power electronics, Electric drive systems and Power systems etc. Here new multilevel topology is discussed. Cascaded HBridge (CHB) 7 level inverter is designed using Simulink, finally it is simulated and inverter switching signals are controlled using FPGA controller. H-bridges are connected seriously to achieve 7 level output...

The objective of this paper is to develop Arduino based Multi Agent System (MAS) for advanced demand side management of a solar micro-grid. High penetration of renewable energy resources needs new coordination and control approaches to meet the stochastic nature of the environment and dynamic loadings. We use Multi Agent System for advanced distributed, autonomous energy management of the micro...