A6-year-old boy was well until 7 weeks prior to admission at the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, when he developed daily fever accompanied by nausea, abdominal pain, phonophobia, and photophobia. He was admitted to an outside hospital where an abdominal X-ray was notable for heavy stool burden. He underwent an intestinal “clean out,” which resulted in improved abdominal pa...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of AVP-825, a drug-device combination of low-dose sumatriptan powder (22 mg loaded dose) delivered intranasally through a targeted Breath Powered device vs an identical device containing lactose powder (placebo device) in the treatment of migraine headache. BACKGROUND Early treatment of migraine headaches is associated with improved outcome, but m...

Connection between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO) may be defined as a “tower of Babel” or a “vexata quaestio.” Indeed, there is still conflicting evidence as to the causal relationship of PFO in migraine with aura. The PFO is a kind of oblique fissure between the right and the left atrium, formed by the overlap of the septum primum and the septum secundum, guiding right-to-left shunt d...

Four cases of children with Lyme disease having auditory hypersensitivity are presented. Auditory testing revealed no consistent pattern of problems except for the low loudness discomfort levels (LDL) found. Medical professionals who see children with Lyme disease should consider audiological testing to include LDL measures. Treatments for auditory hypersensitivity are discussed. AUDITORY PROBL...

I the medical literature, various types of headaches have been categorized and reported but the headache associated with airplane travel which develops during landing is a new entity. Recently it has been categorized in international headache society classification.1 It is different from other types of headaches since here neurological and otolaryngological examinations as well as imaging are n...

Dear Editor, the practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine described psoriasis some 2000 years ago (1). Psoriasis vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease whose worldwide prevalence ranges from 0.1-3% (2,3). Understanding the role of the immune system in psoriasis and the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system has helped to manage this complex disease, which ...

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCN) is a very rare disorder caused by deposition of haemosiderin in the superficial and subpial layers of the central nervous system due to repeated chronic subarachnoid or intraventricular haemorrhage. The clinical syndrome of SSCN consists of sensorineural hearing loss, progressive ataxia and spasticity. A 52 year-old woman who has a hist...

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published, on 3 June 2020, a Technology appraisal guidance (TAG) the use of fremanezumab preventing migraine.1 Migraine is common disabling primary headache disorder2, affecting 10% men 22% women.4 prevalence migraine climbs to peak at 40 years age then declines in both sexes.5, 6 It ranked as seventh highest cause disability globally...

KBG syndrome (OMIM #148050) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, typically characterized by macrodontia of the upper central incisors, distinct craniofacial findings, short stature, and skeletal anomalies associated with neurological involvement including intellectual disability, behaviour difficulties, epilepsy. mutations in ANKRD11 gene that plays chromatin regulator role histone acetylatio...

•Trek1 and Trek2 invalidation increases TG excitability generates migraine•TREK1 TREK2 activation prevents migraine in rodents•TREK1/TREK2 agonists are as good the most efficient current cares for migraine•Targeting TREK channels needs to be considered clinical treatment on Activation sensitization of trigeminal ganglia (TG) sensory neurons, leading release pro-inflammatory peptides such calcit...