abstract: the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in iranian high-school elt textbooks and touch stone series to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these books. the purpose is to find out which of the series of the books under investigation impose a greater referential burden on efl learners as far as their reading comprehension of the ...

An Islamic society can't have such freedoms as west and east and found its socio-political system upon them. Rather it should base its road map on acceptable Islamic foundations in order to provide political freedoms. It should also direct its desirable subsystem in the field of political freedoms in line with macro policies for the socio-political system. Obviously this argument will lead to d...

The humanities in Iran face major challenges: the challenge of graduate unemployment, the challenge of localization, the challenge of the reason for attending classroom and the challenge of dissertations and articles without identifying and structuring real problems. To resolve these challenges, different approaches have been presented by the theorists. This article analyzes the problematic sta...

feminine voice and narratology in wuthering heights wuthering heights as a general "bronte" work has extraordinary dimensions to it which can make it focal to different ways of interpretation. among other differences the issue of narrative voice is essential in understanding the ultimate purpose of wuthering heights. emily bronte uses different narrators from various focal points speaking of m...