Monetary policy rule is an approach to avoid time inconsistency problem as regarded by new classical economist to choose a time plan for policy making in order to maximize households’ well-being. The foundation of time inconsistency problem is not coincidence of expectations as an ex-ante variable, which is expected variable, with actual variable as an ex-post variable. Expectations in Finn K...

UNLABELLED In this paper we give an account of the genera and species in the Botryosphaeriaceae. We consider morphological characters alone as inadequate to define genera or identify species, given the confusion it has repeatedly introduced in the past, their variation during development, and inevitable overlap as representation grows. Thus it seems likely that all of the older taxa linked to t...

This article proposes an empirical representation of the in‡ation expectations in an Unobserved Components model with Markov-Switching regimes. This State-Space representation aims to answer two questions. Are the expectation errors consistent with the weak form of the Rational Expectations Hypothesis? If this is not the case for certain periods, are the di¤erent schemes of expectation associat...

Introduction Accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

This paper concerns with a mathematical model considering customer satisfaction requirements in a supply chain. The model tradeoffs the supply chain ability to fulfill the customers’ requirements and the limited budget in a variety of production phases. The decisions made here help to determine the profit provider price and economic quantity while the effective supplier and priori requireme...

With dramatic delivery, one of the newest American short story writers read two selec­ tions from her latest work, Black Tickets, last night in the Library Auditorium. Sensual in nature, both dealt with a char­ acter’s inner perception of life. Jayne Anne Phillips, at 26 critically acclaimed, spoke to an overflow crowd of 450, as the Sophomore Literary Festival continued. She opened with “ Home...

Over the past thirty years, a great deal of business cycle research has been based on purely real models that abstract from the presence of nominal rigidities, and so (at least implicitly) assume that the Phillips curve is vertical. In this paper, I show that such models are fragile, in the sense that their implications change significantly when the Phillips curve is even slightly less than ver...