37°C. Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solutions were added to the hemichambers on each side of the tissue: the buffer on the mucosal (lumen) side was modified such that lithium chloride replaced sodium chloride at concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mmol/l. The extracellular marker polyethylene glycol, M, 900 (PEG-900), was also present in buffer solutions on the mucosal side of the tissue. ...

Biocontrol agents are an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides against phytopathogens. The effectiveness of metabolites produced by Bacillus atrophaeus B5 for controlling anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in harvested fruit and the possible action mechanisms have been studied. Avocado treated with reduced 54% incidence nearly 70% lesion than untreated fruit. treat...

An experiment was conducted to identify the biochemical defense enzymes, viz. catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and total phenol responsible for resistance against A. solani in resistant (cv. H-88-78-1) susceptible (Punjab Chhuhara) cultivars of tomato after application Amistar 25 SC (azoxystrobin 0.1%) during 2015 crop season. Azoxystrobin applied their effica...

Abstract As a famous fruit worldwide, citrus is susceptible to green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum, which causes large economic losses every year. ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) novel preservative with strong inhibitory effects on fungi, and has the capacity induce disease resistance in fruit, but mechanism been reported rarely, especially citrus. In present study, 800 μg/mL ε-PL P. digitatum sp...

Methylaspartate ammonia lyase (MAL) catalyzes the magnesium-dependent reversible alpha,beta-elimination of ammonia from L-threo-(2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid to mesaconic acid. The 1.3 A MAD crystal structure of the dimeric Citrobacter amalonaticus MAL shows that each subunit comprises two domains, one of which adopts the classical TIM barrel fold, with the active site at the C-terminal end of ...