The addition of Ph(2)Zn to aldehydes has been investigated by DFT calculations. The experimentally observed increase in enantioselectivity upon addition of Et(2)Zn to the reaction mixture is rationalized from calculations of all isomeric transition states. Spectator ethyl groups in the transition state do not lower the intrinsic activation barrier, but instead increase it. In the presence of a ...

The gardening of ornamental plants comes back to ancient times (Urartians). Nowadays the is done worldwide as in Van provinces Türkiye. Old and traditional gardens can be seen different regions this province naturally. Among these plants, Rosa laxa Retzius var. harputense T. Baytop (Kişmiri rose), an exotic plant coming from Central Asia. Kişmiri rose has semi-double miniature flowers blooms fo...

Alcohol is a human carcinogen. A causal link has been established between alcohol drinking and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, liver and breast. Despite this established association, the underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. Various mechanisms may come into play depending on the type of cancer; however, convincing evidence supports the concept ...

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel that can be produced by a transesterification reaction between a vegetable oil and an alcohol. This paper evaluates and optimizes the production of ethyl esters (biodiesel) from soybean oil and ethanol. The reaction was carried out by applying ultrasound under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the...

The crystal structures of four indole derivatives with various substituents at the 2-, 3- and 5-positions of the ring system are described, namely, ethyl 3-(5-chloro-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenyl-propano-ate, C25H22ClNO2, (I), 2-bromo-3-(2-nitro-1-phenyl-eth-yl)-1H-indole, C16H13BrN2O2, (II), 5-meth-oxy-3-(2-nitro-1-phenyl-eth-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole, C23H20N2O3, (III), and 5-chloro-3-(2-nitr...

ZrP2O7 nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient catalyst have been used for the preparation of 1,6-diamino-2- oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives via one-pot coupling of hyrazine hydrate, ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes under reflux conditions in ethanol. Using this method we obtained low reaction times, easy isolation of the targeted molecules, e...