We present a trustworthy connection between the Leon verification system and the Isabelle proof assistant. Leon is a system for verifying functional Scala programs. It uses a variety of automated theorem provers (ATPs) to check verification conditions (VCs) stemming from the input program. Isabelle, on the other hand, is an interactive theorem prover used to verify mathematical specifications u...

The atmospheric temperature profiles (ATPs) retrieved through the geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard FY-4A satellite (GIIRS/FY-4A) can effectively fill gap of scarce conventional sounding data in Taklimakan Desert (TD), second largest desert world, with an area 330,000 square kilometers. In this study, we take experimental radiosonde observations (RAOB) from one RAOB...

Sulfate assimilation is a critical component of both primary and secondary metabolism. An essential step in this pathway is the activation of sulfate through adenylation by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), forming adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS). Proteobacterial ATPS overcomes this energetically unfavorable reaction by associating with a regulatory G protein, coupling the energy of GTP hydr...

ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) catalyzes a key reaction in the global sulfur cycle by reversibly converting inorganic sulfate (SO4 (2-)) with ATP to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and pyrophosphate (PPi). In this work we report on the sat encoded dissimilatory ATP sulfurylase from the sulfur-oxidizing purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. In this organism, the sat gene is located in one op...

In nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase, the iron protein (FeP) binds to and subsequently transfers electrons to the molybdenum-FeP, which contains the nitrogen fixation site, along with hydrolysis of two ATPs. However, the nature of the reduced state cluster is not completely clear. While reduced FeP is generally thought to contain an [Fe4 S4 ](1+) cluster, evidence also exi...

Brown-Norway (BN) rats are highly susceptible to drug-induced immune dysregulations and when injected with mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)) or sodium aurothiopropanolsulfonate (ATPS), they develop a syndrome characterized by a polyclonal B cell activation depending upon CD4(+) T(h)2 cells that recognize self-MHC class II molecules. Since peripheral tolerance of T(h)2 cells might be crucial in the pr...

Automated theorem provers (ATPs) consist of a number of complicated algorithms, that can be parameterized and combined together in different ways. Examples of such parameterizations are clause weighting and selection schemes, term orderings, sets of inference and reduction rules used, etc. E [8] (as some other ATPs) has a language for packaging such useful combinations of parameterizations into...

We propose an adaptive power based transmission scheme for WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) where transmit power is adapted depending on node density and channel conditions so as to maintain a desired level of signal detection probability at a receiving node as demanded by sensing range. In existing Fixed Transmit Power Scheme (FTPS), detection probability degrades with decrease in node spatial d...