The concept 'green adjuvants' is difficult to define. This paper formulates an answer based on two approaches. Starting from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition for green chemistry, production-based and environmental-impact-based definitions for green adjuvants are proposed. According to the production-based approach, adjuvants are defined as green if the...

Aluminium adjuvants remain the most widely used and effective adjuvants in vaccination and immunotherapy. Herein, the particle size distribution (PSD) of aluminium oxyhydroxide and aluminium hydroxyphosphate adjuvants was elucidated in attempt to correlate these properties with the biological responses observed post vaccination. Heightened solubility and potentially the generation of Al(3+) in ...

The present study was aimed to compare the binding ability of selected chemicals (adjuvants) in 23 glycocalyx positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICindex) and drug uptake study were conducted using selected adjuvants. Whole-cell alkaline phosphatase assay was used for assessment of outer membrane permeability. FICindex was calculated using a m...

Adjuvants have been used for more than 70 yr to enhance the immune response of the host animal to an antigen. Among the mechanisms that adjuvants use to enhance the immune response are the "depot" effect, antigen presentation, antigen targeting, immune activation/modulation, and cytotoxic lymphocyte induction. The immunostimulatory properties of adjuvants result in inflammation, tissue destruct...

BACKGROUND Spray adjuvants are often applied to crops in conjunction with agricultural pesticides in order to boost the efficacy of the active ingredient(s). The adjuvants themselves are largely assumed to be biologically inert and are therefore subject to minimal scrutiny and toxicological testing by regulatory agencies. Honey bees are exposed to a wide array of pesticides as they conduct norm...

Vaccine adjuvants exert critical and unique influences on the quality of immune responses induced during active immunizations. We investigated the mechanisms of action of immunological adjuvants in terms of their requirements for cytokine-mediated pathways for adjuvanticity. Antibody responses potentiated by several adjuvants to a Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 (C-terminal 19-kDa processing frag...

Adjuvants are defined as any compound or complex molecular or supramolecular assembly that can increase the immune response when is administered in formulation with an antigen. In this way, adjuvants have the ability of act as immune enhancers, this promotes early innate immune responses which increase the effectiveness enabling antigen recognition. This topic is an important research field due...

Vaccine adjuvants are substances associated with antigens that are fundamental to the formation of an intense, durable, and fast immune response. In this context, the use of vaccine adjuvants to generate an effective cellular immune response is crucial for the design and development of vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate innate inflammatory respo...

Context: Mouth rinses have been recognized as the main adjuvant or primary treatment to address many issues relating dentistry. Previous studies investigated anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial effects of Aloe vera. Recently, vera has applied treat several dental oral conditions. Methods: Official web pages, such Scopus, PubMed, Microsoft ...

Environmental risks resulting from increasing application of herbicides have raised many concerns about human health and safety of agro ecosystems and environment. Hence, it is very important to find practical and effective methods for reducing the use of pesticides in environment as well as the increasing the efficiency of these compounds. Addition of adjuvants to spray solutions could be cons...