Bioactivity and biocompatibility are crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was incorporated into polyetheretherketone/polyglycolicacid (PEEK/PGA) hybrid to improve its biological properties, and the composite scaffolds were developed via selective laser sintering (SLS). The effects of HAP on physical and chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were...

Recently, an endoscopic shielding method using polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets (Neoviel, Gunze Co., Kyoto, Japan) and fibrin glue (Bolheal, Kaketsuken, Kumamoto, Japan) has been reported [1,2]. It is difficult to stretch a PGA sheet out as a monolayer during an endoscopic procedure because the sheets are very thin and their stickiness increases when wet. Therefore, in these previous reports, the...

Lee (1972) has suggested that prostaglandins A and E (PGA and PGE) may play a role in the control of sodium homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. Infusions of PGA or PGE into the renal artery have been shown to result in an increase in sodium, potassium and chloride excretion, glomerular filtration rate, total renal blood flow, and cortical blood flow. Further, intravenous administr...

A 28 year-old obese woman was scheduled for robot-assisted bilateral tubal re-anastomosis under general anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. As part of a respiratory mechanics study, gastric pressure (Pga) was measured. At the beginning of the operation, the surgeon repeatedly inserted a Veress needle consistently measuring an unusually high opening pressure of 15 mmHg, at a time when Pga was...

The Phylogenetic Genome Annotator (PGA) is a computer program that enables real-time comparison of “gene trees” versus “species trees” obtained from predicted open reading frames of whole genome data. The gene phylogenies are inferred for each individual genome predicted proteins whereas the species phylogenies are inferred from rDNA data. The correlated protein domains, defined by PFAM, are th...

The extraction efficiency of heavy metals from soils using three forms of gamma poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as the washing agents was investigated. Controlling factors including agent concentrations, extraction time, pH, and liquid to soil ratio were evaluated to determine the optimum operational conditions. The distribution of heavy metal species in soils before and after extraction processes w...

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural, biodegradable and water-soluble biopolymer of glutamic acid. This review is focused on nonrecombinant microbial production of γ-PGA via fermentation processes. In view of its commercial importance, the emphasis is on L-glutamic acid independent producers (i.e. microorganisms that do not require feeding with the relatively expensive amino acid L-glutami...

The extremely halophilic archaeon Natrialba aegyptiaca secretes the L-homo type of poly-g-glutamate (PGA) as an extremolyte. We examined the enzymes involved in glutamate metabolism and verified the presence of L-glutamate dehydrogenases, L-aspartate aminotransferase, and L-glutamate synthase. However, neither glutamate racemase nor D-amino acid aminotransferase activity was detected, suggestin...

The jump instruction is considered essential for an adequate theoretical understanding of imperative sequential programming. Using basic instructions and tests as a basis we outline an algebra of programs, denoted PGA, which captures the crux of sequential programming. We single out a behavior extraction operator which assigns to each program a behavior. The meaning of the expressions of PGA is...