Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation enhancement action of over 250 PEs that have been tested in intestinal delivery models. In depth analysis of pre-clinical data is presented for PEs as components of proprietary delivery systems that have progressed t...

We report quantum dynamics calculations of rotational and vibrational energy transfer in collisions between two para-H(2) molecules over collision energies spanning from the ultracold limit to thermal energies. Results obtained using a recent full-dimensional H(2)-H(2) potential energy surface (PES) developed by Hinde [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 154308 (2008)] are compared with those derived from the ...

Background. Syndromes are defined by traditional Chinese medicine as consisting of different pattern elements. Few scales have been designed for differentiating pattern elements of dementia and have shown major flaws. Thus, a new pattern element scale (PES) was developed. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the PES in dementia patients. Methods. A total of 171 dementia patients were enr...

In order to approach experimental accuracy in ro-vibrational calculations for polyatomic molecules one needs to empirically refine even a high accuracy ab initio potential energy surface (PES). This is most efficiently done through a least-squares fitting of theoretical energies to the available experimental data by varying potential parameters in a given analytical representation. The PES resu...

This paper presents the architecture of a special-purpose multiprocessor system, which we call the Broadcast Cube System (BCS), for solving non-linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The BCS has the following important features: (a) Being based on the conceptually simple bus interconnection scheme it is easily understood. The use of homogeneous Processing Elements (PEs) which can be real...

People generally slow down after they make an error, a phenomenon that is more pronounced for older individuals than it is for young individuals. Here, we examine the origin of this age-related difference in posterror slowing (PES) by applying the diffusion model to data from young and older participants performing a random dot motion task and a lexical decision task. Results show that the PES ...

Promoter trapping has identified a gene, pes-1, which is expressed during C. elegans embryogenesis. The beta-galactosidase expression pattern, directed by the pes-1/lacZ fusion through which this gene was cloned, has been determined precisely in terms of the embryonic cell lineage and has three components. One component is in a subset of cells of the AB founder cell lineage during early embryog...

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is commonly defined as a market-based environmental policy instrument to efficiently achieve ecosystem services provision. However, an increasing body of literature shows that this prescriptive conceptualization of PES cannot be easily generalized and implemented in practice, and that the commodification of ecosystem services (ES) is problematic and may lead...

We evaluated the morphological framework of the pes anserinus in both knees of ten Nigerian cadavers and we observed high degree of variability in its morphology and location. The pes anserinus inserted specifically on the superior half of the media border of the tibia, as far inferiorly as 124.44 mm to the tibial tuberosity (prolonged insertion). The insertion was also joined to the part of ti...

Psychotic experiences (PEs) occur in the general population, especially in children and adolescents, and are associated with poor psychosocial outcomes, impaired cognition, and increased risk of transition to psychosis. It is unknown how the presence and persistence of PEs during early adulthood affects cognition and brain function. The current study assessed working memory as well as brain fun...