Network planning methods for project planning and scheduling have been applied for more than fifty years including CPM, PDM, PERT and GERT (Fondahl, �96�; Fulkerson, �96�; Kelley & Walker, �959; PMI, ���6; Pritsker, �966), which can be widely applied to project planning fromareas as diverse as construction and R&D. However, these network planning methods are not very appropriate in cases where ...