This investigation measured the deactivation (unloading) force-deflection behavior of selected multistranded stainless steel orthodontic wires. The guidelines from the revised American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association Specification No. 32 for orthodontic wires (type 2, nonlinear elasticity) were used to perform a 3-point bending test to obtain data for the deactivation f...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilised in a wide range of deformation monitoring applications, such as the monitoring of active volcanoes, tectonic fault lines, landslides, ground subsidence, bridges, dams, high-rise buildings, etc. During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency ...

The elastic properties of micrometer-sized hollow colloidal particles obtained by emulsion templating are probed by nanoindentation measurements in which point forces are applied to solvent-filled particles supported on a flat substrate. We show that the shells respond linearly up to forces of 7-21 nN, where the indentation becomes of the order of the shell thickness (20-40 nm). In the linear r...

This work focuses on application of the laser forming process to NiTi shape memory alloys. While all NiTi shape memory alloys exhibit both superlasticity and the shape memory effect, this study is restricted to a temperature range over which only the superelastic effect will be active. Specifically, this work addresses laser forming induced macroscopic bending deformations, post process residua...

Boundaries and junctions (both internal and external) can contribute significantly to the plastic deformation of metallic solids, especially when the average size of the grains (phases) is less than hundred nanometres or when the size of the solid itself is of the order of microns. The overall permanent deformation of the solid is a result of a coupling between bulk plasticity with moving inter...

A viscoplastic deformation model considering material damage is used to predict hot tear formation in a permanent mold magnesium alloy casting. The simulation model calculates the solid deformation and ductile damage. The viscoplastic constitutive theory accounts for temperature dependent properties and includes creep and isotropic hardening. Ductile damage theory is used to find mechanically i...

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced elastomer composites with light weight, sustainability of large deformation, chemical stability, corrosion and fatigue resistance, and vibration and noise reduction capability can have positive impact on a wide range of applications. However, this type of composite is still a under studied research area due to the difficulties in material handling and processin...

The presence of grain boundaries in single crystal castings is intolerable owing to the detrimental impact on creep and fatigue behaviour. Whilst the origins of many defects such as freckles have been understood since the 1970s, other defects such as slivers, or indeed the small mosaicity observed in many castings have eluded comprehensive treatments. In the present work, in situ X-ray imaging ...

In this paper we study the dynamics of eigenvalues of the deformation tensor for solutions of the 3D incompressible Euler equations. Using the evolution equation of the L2 norm of spectra, we deduce new a priori estimates of the L2 norm of vorticity. As an immediate corollary of the estimate we obtain a new sufficient condition of L2 norm control of vorticity. We also obtain decay in time estim...

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations of surface deformation due to the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake reveal motion on several nearby faults of the eastern California shear zone. We document both vertical and horizontal displacements of several millimeters to several centimeters across kilometer-wide zones centered on pre-existing faults. Portions of some faults experienced retrog...