Data assimilation is a method of combining an imperfect simulation model and a number of incomplete observation data. Sequential data assimilation is a data assimilation in which simulation variables are corrected at every time step of observation. The ensemble Kalman filter is developed for a sequential data assimilation and frequently used in geophysics. On the other hand, the particle filter...

RFID technology is recently an emerging technology that is being used in many echelons of supply chain participants. Most recent IS research on this technology focus on factors which will impact its organizational adoption. However, adoption is just one part of assimilation process which cannot make sure that RFID can be full-scale deployed in an organization. Assimilation theories also suggest...

A four-dimensional ensemble variational (4D-EnVar) data assimilation has been developed for a limited area model. The integration of tangent linear and adjoint models, as applied in standard 4D-Var, is replaced with the use of an ensemble of non-linear model states to estimate fourdimensional background error covariances over the assimilation time window. The computational costs for 4D-En-Var a...

Operational wave data assimilation at ECMWF started with ERS-1 radar altimeter wave heights on 15 August 1993. This had a significant impact on the wave model analysis and forecast. The impact of wave data assimilation based on the ECMWF experience is presented. This includes the impact of assimilation of ERS radar altimeter and synthetic aperture radar and ENVISAT radar altimeter-2 wave data. ...

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has produced an extensive atmospheric data set, beginning during aerobraking and continuing throughout the extended scientific mapping phase. Temperature profiles for the atmosphere below about 40 km, surface temperatures and total dust and water ice opacities, can be retrieved from infrared spectra in nadir viewing mo...

1College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China 2Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology, National Marine Data and Information Service, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300171, China 3Naval Ocean Analysis and Prediction Laboratory, Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA 4College of Physical and Enviro...

T paper extends our previous studies on the assimilation of Internet-based e-business innovations by firms in an international setting. Drawing upon theories on the process and contexts of technology diffusion, we develop an integrative model to examine three assimilation stages: initiation→ adoption→ routinization. The model features technological, organizational, and environmental contexts as...

Soil moisture is an important environmental variable that impacts military operations and weapons systems. Accurate and timely forecasts of soil moisture at appropriate spatial scales, therefore, are important for mission planning. We present an application of a \ soil moisture data assimilation system to military trafficability assessment. The data assimilation system combines hillslope-scale ...

Retinal lateral inhibition is one of the conventional efficient coding mechanisms in the visual system that is produced by interneurons that pool signals over a neighborhood of presynaptic feedforward cells and send inhibitory signals back to them. Thus, the receptive-field (RF) of a retinal ganglion cell has a center-surround receptive-field (RF) profile that is classically represented as a di...