Pain is a subjective experience that protects the body. This function implies a special relation between the brain mechanisms underlying pain perception and representation of the body. All sensory systems involve the body for the trivial reason that sensory receptors are located in the body. The nociceptive system of detecting noxious stimuli comprises two classes of peripheral afferents, Aδ an...

in mullā ṣadrā’s view, there are three general worlds of existence: 1. world of the senses, i.e. this world, 2. world of ideas, i.e. the world of quantity forms, which is exactly like the world of the senses, with the difference that it is free from matter, and 3. world of intelligibles, which is free from matter and material properties. on the other hand, man has three types of perceptions: 1....

BACKGROUND Sedation or anesthesia is used to facilitate many cases of an estimated 45 million diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures in the United States. Preclinical studies have called attention to the possibility that sedative-hypnotic drugs can increase pain perception, but whether this observation holds true in humans and whether pain-modulating effects are agent-specific or charact...

This study's purpose was to examine relationships among dental anxiety, psychological functioning, coping, and pain perception in child and adolescent dental patients and their parents. Participants were recruited from private dental offices and included 129 9- to 15-year-old patients and 84 parents. The children completed self-report measures of dental anxiety, dental coping, and pain percepti...