A public information and education program was developed in Oregon to defuse a controversy between environmentalists and livestock growers over management of predator damage control. Emphasis was placed on involving special interest and leadership/influential groups in the program and participation was high. Attempts were made to involve the "general public" but response to solicitation and par...

Massively parallel supercomputers open the door to extensive study of ecological simulations that in the past have required prohibitive amounts of computation time. An implementation of a stochastic spatial predator-prey model on such a supercomputer is described. A model that can produce Volterra type oscillations, is extended to study the eeectiveness of preferential migration rules for preda...

Theoretical work on intraguild predation suggests that if a top predator and an intermediate predator share prey, the system will be stable only if the intermediate predator is better at exploiting the prey, and the top predator gains significantly from consuming the intermediate predator. In mammalian carnivore systems, however, there are examples of top predator species that attack intermedia...

Theoretical studies have shown a paradoxical destabilizing response of predator–prey ecosystems to enrichment, but there is the gap between the intuitive view of nature and this theoretical prediction. We studied a minimal predator–prey system (a two predator–two prey system) in which the paradox of enrichment pattern can vanish; the destabilization with enrichment is reversed, leading to stabi...

The goal of this work is to formulate a general Holling-type functional, or behavioral, response for continuous physiologically structured populations, where both the predator and the prey have physiological densities and certain rules apply to their interactions. The physiological variable can be, for example, a development stage, weight, age, or a characteristic length. The model leads to a F...

intraguild predation (igp) occurs when one predator species consumes another predator species with whom it also competes for shared prey. we studied igp between different stages of hippodamia variegata and aphidoletes aphidimyza in absence and presence of extraguild prey (aphis gossypii) in petri dish arena. in the absence of extraguild prey all stages of h. variegata (larva1, 2, 3, 4, female a...

the population densities and spatial distribution patterns of zetzellia pourmirzai khanjani and ueckermann and its preys cenopalpus irani dosse and bryobia rubrioculus (scheuten) were studied in a sprayed orchard in kermanshah, a western province of iran, from 31 may till 7 november, 2007. the interaction (density dependence) between the plant feeding mites and their predator was determined as ...

Predator-prey interactions are major processes promoting phenotypic evolution. However, it remains unclear how predation causes morphological and behavioural diversity in prey species and how it might lead to speciation. Here, we show that substantial divergence in the phenotypic traits of prey species has occurred among closely related land snails as a result of adaptation to predator attacks....

Predation is one of the key factors governing patterns in natural systems, and adjustments of prey behaviors in response to a predator stimulus can have important ecological implications for wild fish. To investigate the effects of predators on the behavior of prey fish and to test whether the possible effects varied with predator size, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and snakehead (Channa ...