BACKGROUND Although numerous studies examine catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) worldwide, most focus on whole populations rather than specific vulnerable groups. This study analyzes the extent, associated factors and inequality of CHE in elderly household with chronic disease patients in China. METHODS Data were obtained from a nationally representative elderly household survey-the China...

In the United States a century ago, children's labor earnings were considered the property of their parents. Working children turned over most of the contents their pay envelopes to their parents. Accordingly, surveys of household budgets conducted during the period, as well as most subsequent analyses of these surveys by historians, treat children's income as simply part of family income. But ...

Urban farming is one of the strategies that can shape family food security in urban areas. The aquaponic system activities. Small-scale aquaponics be used for household scale. Maximum care needed cultivation so growth and yield vegetables fish are good. Aquaponic an IRT solution does not manage daily expenditure by getting vegetable crops harvested per day. purpose this community service to: (1...

this study examined the nature and patterns of rice consumption in nigeria, using kwara state as a case study. the study methodology comprised a two stage sampling technique which was used to survey 110 rice consumer households across two villages and six towns in kwara state. analytical tools used in the study include descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit model. the major factors th...

BACKGROUND During the last three decades, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Iran has fallen considerably; from 6.5 per woman in 1983 to 1.89 in 2010. This paper analyzes the extent to which economic determinants at the micro and macro levels are associated with the number of children in Iranian households. METHODS Household data from the 2010 Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) is ...

This research is motivated by fishermen who experience economic problems in household life, where the income earned not sufficient to meet needs of life and even brought UMP (Provincial Minimum Wage) West Sumatra. The average for fishing laborers Rp. 1,000,000. per month, but there are still survive as traditional fishermen. Even though work a fisherman big risk has uncertain income. theory use...

OBJECTIVE To examine the productivity of patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis [SSc]) both outside of and within the home in a large observational cohort. METHODS One hundred sixty-two patients completed the Work Productivity Survey. Patients indicated whether or not they were employed outside of the home, how many days per month they missed work (employment or household work) due to ...

Knowledge of income elasticity demand for individual products is necessary to forecast the volume and structure demand. The purpose ofthis article estimate different types agricultural insurance in Poland indicate consequences future this insurance. According results ofthe analysis carried out years 2000–2020, premium from crop greatest extent – compared other depends on both GDP disposable (pe...

OBJECTIVE Dental caries remains the most common disease worldwide and the use of fluoride toothpaste is a most effective preventive public health measure to prevent it. Changes in diets following globalization contribute to the development of dental caries in emerging economies. The aim of this paper is to compare the cost and relative affordability of fluoride toothpaste in high-, middle- and ...