DNA methylation at HpaII (CmCGG) sites inhibits expression of a human proenkephalin-CAT fusion gene when it is transiently expressed in CV-1 cells or stably expressed in C6-glioma cells. The inhibitory effects of HpaII methylation have been mapped to a site within the human proenkephalin promoter located at position -72 relative to the start site of transcription. This region spans a cAMP and p...

RNA viruses comprise vast populations of closely related, but highly genetically diverse, entities known as quasispecies. Understanding the mechanisms by which this extreme diversity is generated and maintained is fundamental when approaching viral persistence and pathobiology in infected hosts. In this paper we access quasispecies theory through a phenotypic model, to better understand the rol...

Maximal static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (PI,max and PE,max, respectively) enable the noninvasive measurement of global respiratory muscle strength. The aim of this study was primarily to obtain normal values of PI,max and PE,max for adult Chinese, Malays and Indians and, secondarily, to study their effect on lung volumes in these subjects. Four hundred and fifty two healthy su...

[1] We study macroscopic (centimeter scale) dispersion using pore-scale network simulation. A Lagrangian-based transport model incorporating flow and diffusion is applied in a diamond lattice of throats with square cross section whose radius distribution is the same as computed for Berea sandstone. We use physically consistent rules using a combination of stream-tube routing and ideal mixing to...

Physical inactivity of children and youth is a growing problem all over the world. Th e promotion of physical activity (PA) is an essential strategy to improve the physical and mental health of students. Th e school setting is a good environment for population-based PA interventions. Th e purpose of the present study was to determine whether school-based PA interventions have infl uence on the ...

Regional tuna fishery management organizations cannot provide specific advice to local fishery managers in small island jurisdictions. The State of Hawaii maintains time series of yellowfin tuna catches dating back to 1949, but these data have never been formally applied to evaluating the effects of the yellowfin fishery in the Main Hawaiian Islands on the local stock. I develop a new approach ...

Adolescence is known to be a period of increased risk for the development of unhealthy behaviours such as physical inactivity (Currie et al., 2011). Low physical activity (PA) levels are especially noted in girls, who typically engage in less PA than boys throughout the teenage years (Whitehead and Biddle 2008). In Scotland, evidence suggests there is a significant decline in PA among adolescen...

A two-component event-related brain potential consisting of an error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe) has been associated with response monitoring and error detection. Both the ERN and Pe have been source-localized to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)--a frontal structure implicated in both cognitive and affective processing, as well as autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation...

Although previous research with human and nonhuman primates has examined the neural correlates of performance monitoring, discrepancies in methodology have limited our ability to make cross-species generalizations. One major obstacle arises from the use of different behavioral responses and tasks across different primate species. Specifically, it is unknown whether performance-monitoring mechan...

The expression of KiSS-1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNAs and proteins was studied in placentas of women with preeclampsia (PE, n=47) and women of normal pregnancy (NP; n=30). In addition, KiSS-1 mRNA expression as well as cell growth, proliferation and invasion were examined in JAR cells (human trophoblast cell line) transfected with pcDNA3-KiSS-1vector. Expression of KiSS-1 mRNA and protein was higher ...