Numerous investigations recorded a dramatic decrease in penetration depth at hypervelocity. The is due to the severe mass loss of projectile. mechanics are complicated, so entirely theoretical model still absent. In this paper, we derive semitheoretical formula for by solving equation motion projectile during penetration. result shows that hypervelocity accords with power law. Furthermore, obta...

This study investigated ink penetration through imaging technology, first by gray and contour mapping and then calculating the ink penetration depth by programing. Next, a series of further analyses were carried out, including average ink permeability, ink distributions, and printability of different uncoated inkjet paper with different parameters. The impact on ink penetration of the microstru...

soil compaction is an important aspect of agriculture and different methods are available to measure this parameter. one method is called the cone index; measuring the force required per unit area for penetration of a standard steel cone into the ground. cone penetrometers are used for cone index measurement. in this study, a tractor mounted, hydraulically-operated penetrometer was designed, bu...