We present PEM, the first fully automatic metric to evaluate the quality of paraphrases, and consequently, that of paraphrase generation systems. Our metric is based on three criteria: adequacy, fluency, and lexical dissimilarity. The key component in our metric is a robust and shallow semantic similarity measure based on pivot language N-grams that allows us to approximate adequacy independent...

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of proton fuel cell. Generally speaking, ordinary PEM has poor barrier to (especially liquid fuel) and conduction a strong dependence on water molecules. Compared with PEM, high temperature cell works in non-water environment, which overcomes above problems. Besides, system complex low impurity much simpler flow field design. Polyben...

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is diagnosed by comparing children’s anthropometric measurements with reference values for their age and sex. It is estimated that 177 million children under 5 years of age in developing countries have weights-for-age below two standard deviations of their expected value. Low weight-for-height (wasting) is less common but low height-for-age (stunting) is estima...

In this present report, luminescent ordered multilayer thin films (OMFs) based on oppositely-charged inorganic nanosheets and the different oppositely-charged chromophores were fabricated via layer-by-layer assembly method. Exfoliated layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets with opposite charges can be expected to provide a pseudo electronic microenvironment (PEM) ...

This work investigates how thymic dysfunction contributes to the depression of cell-mediated immunity in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). In Bolivian children hospitalized for severe PEM, the size of the thymus was measured by echography, and the lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by using monoclonal antibodies. These data were compared with those obtained from healthy control subjects. ...

Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) is a novel imaging technology utilizing a dedicated Positron Emission Breast scanner. Two detectors in a configuration that resembles a conventional mammography (MG) machine cover a 250x120x200 mm3 volume, yielding 3D images of the breast, which is fixated between the detectors, but not compressed. The procedure depends on the administration of a radioactive ...

Laser post-ionization mass spectrometry combined with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate processes of ion-stimulated erosion of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of phenethyl mercaptan C6H5CH2CH2S (PEM) deposited on gold. Results indicate that only PEM fragments are emitted from the surface. Most of the PEM fragments (predominantly C6H5CH2CH3 with m/zˆ 106) are emitt...

We have developed a highly active nanostructured iridium catalyst for anodes of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Clusters of nanosized crystallites are obtained by reducing surfactant-stabilized IrCl3 in water-free conditions. The catalyst shows a five-fold higher activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than commercial Ir-black. The improved kinetics of the catalyst are ref...

Most software project estimation and measurement (PEM) processes have been designed for providers. Customers need to leverage PEM to better direct software sourcing. A design theory for software project-scoping has been developed that supports the PEM processes of both customers and providers. This paper probes the validity of the theory from providers’ and customers’ viewpoints through three l...

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) has been rarely documented as a cause of cardiovascular abnormalities, including dilated cardiomyopathy. Selenium is responsible for antioxidant defense mechanisms in cardiomyocytes, and its deficiency in the setting of PEM and disease related malnutrition (DRM) may lead to exacerbation of the dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a rare case of a fourteen-year-old...