RATIONALE A critical reduction in central blood volume (CBV) is often characterized by hemodynamic instability. Restoration of a volume deficit may be established by goal-directed fluid therapy guided by respiration-related variation in systolic- and pulse pressure (SPV and PPV). Stroke volume index (SVI) serves as a surrogate end-point of a fluid challenge but tissue perfusion itself has not b...

Direct measurements of three-dimensional magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM) are not achievable. However, anisotropic nature magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence provides a novel way tracing fields. Guided by advanced understanding turbulence's anisotropy Position-Position-Velocity (PPV) space, we extend Structure-Function Analysis (SFA) to measure both field orientation and Alfven...

We consider both the effect of particle inertia on stochastic Stokes’ drift, and also a related process which could be considered as a crude model of stochastic Stokes’ drift driven by an eddy diffusivity. In the latter, the stochastic forcing is a stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process rather than Brownian motion. We show that the eddy Stokes’ drift velocity has a peak at a non-zero value of the co...

We consider both the effect of particle inertia on stochastic Stokes’ drift, and also a related process which could be considered as a crude model of stochastic Stokes’ drift driven by an eddy diffusivity. In the latter, the stochastic forcing is a stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process rather than Brownian motion. We show that the eddy Stokes’ drift velocity has a peak at a non-zero value of the co...

We consider both the effect of particle inertia on stochastic Stokes’ drift, and also a related process which could be considered as a crude model of stochastic Stokes’ drift driven by an eddy diffusivity. In the latter, the stochastic forcing is a stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process rather than Brownian motion. We show that the eddy Stokes’ drift velocity has a peak at a non-zero value of the co...

Breaking rock for road construction, installation of infrastructure or extraction typically involves detonation explosives. Any time explosives are detonated there undesirable impacts on the environment and its inhabitants, which always more severe in populated areas significant human non-human activity. The primary focus this paper is impact that blasting quarry operations have inhabitants. A ...

This paper presents an analysis of the relationship of particle velocity and convergence of the particle swarm optimization. Its premature convergence is due to the decrease of particle velocity in search space that leads to a total implosion and ultimately fitness stagnation of the swarm. An improved algorithm which introduces a velocity differential evolution (DE) strategy for the hierarchica...

The fall velocity of sediment particles plays a key role in sediment transport studies. Researchers have attempted to determine the terminal fall velocity, and most of the studies in this regard have been based on experimental, quasi-experimental, and in-situ measurements. The present study aimed to use a numerical model to estimate the fall velocity of a single sediment particle in distilled a...

Mean values for two variables of the pubertal growth spurt, peak height velocity and age at peak velocity, of children attending the diabetic clinic in Bristol are reported. The growth spurt was normal both in timing and intensity in boys, but the peak velocity was reduced and age at peak velocity more variable among girls.