background: megavoltage beams used in radiotherapy are contaminated with secondary electrons. different parts of linac head and air above patient act as a source of this contamination. this contamination can increase damage to skin and subcutaneous tissue during radiotherapy.  monte carlo simulation is an accurate method for dose calculation in medical dosimetry and has an important role in opt...

Background: The present study intended to determine and report patient effective dose on the basis of patients and exposure data. Materials and methods: A nationwide computed tomography (CT) survey was provided as a report of patient doses in 2015-2016. Scan details were collected for nearly 2,000 adults and children in four age groups subjected to CT examinations. From total 565 CT scanners in...

Introduction: The ability of quadratic dose protocol to maintain a good quality image for an overweight and obese patient is well reported. However, a practical approach to the implementation of this protocol in whole-body imaging in Malaysia is currently lacking. Hence, the aim of this study is to derive the quadratic dose formula that suits our PET system. Metho...

introduction: active personal dosimeters (apds) are well accepted as useful and reliable instruments for individual dosimetry measurements. apds have many advantages compared with passive dosimeters for individual external radiation dose assessments. in routine monitoring, occupational exposure is carried out for verification and demonstration of compliance with the regulatory dose limits. so, ...

background: delivering the maximum dose to tumor while achieving the minimum dose delivery to normal tissue; is the most important goal in external radiotherapy. diode in vivo dosimetry is widely considered to be an important tool for quality improvement of patient care in external radiotherapy. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within 5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by internat...

case presentation in this report, ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was performed in a 25-year-old patient with tetanus to progress his respiratory drive which was decreased due to high dose sedative administration. this procedure accelerates the weaning process and extubation. introduction muscle rigidity and generalized spasm can cause severe pain in patients with tetanus. administration ...

in chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) patients, esophageal stricture is a rare complication and the treatment of choice is still controversial. there are few reports of successful therapy with antibiotics, corticosteroids, multiple balloon dilatations or their combination. we report a 3-three-year-old iranian boy with recurrent esophageal obstruction due to cgd. the patient transiently respond...

Background: Megavoltage beams used in radiotherapy are contaminated with secondary electrons. Different parts of linac head and air above patient act as a source of this contamination. This contamination can increase damage to skin and subcutaneous tissue during radiotherapy. Monte Carlo simulation is an accurate method for dose calculation in medical dosimetry and has an important role in opt...

Introduction: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment method for patients with carcinoma of cervix. Despite admirable therapeutic results, acute hematologic toxicity (HT) is common with this regimen. Many studies evaluate the relationship between the bone marrow dosimetric parameters and the severity of HT and result shown that the low dose of bone marrow wou...