In this study diarrheagenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains were comparatively characterized according to serotype, hemolytic activity, protein polymorphism among housekeeping enzymes, phylogenetic group and urovirulence genes. Intra-serogroup/serotype variations were observed. Hemolytic activity was detected in 100%, 93%, 67% and 39% of UPEC, EAEC, EPEC and ETEC strains, resp...

The cosmopolitan fungal genus Alternaria consists of multiple saprophytic and pathogenic species. Based on phylogenetic and morphological studies, the genus is currently divided into 26 sections. Alternaria sect. Alternaria contains most of the small-spored Alternaria species with concatenated conidia, including important plant, human and postharvest pathogens. Species within sect. Alternaria h...

Although part of the normal gut flora, Escherichia coli strains are also important intestinal pathogens. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) cause a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases, particularly among children in developing countries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality (Moyo, 2007; Khairun, 2007; Brandal, 2007; Nguyen, 2005; Rajendran, 2010; Franzolin, 2005). The DEC are differe...

Leaf spot disease of rough lemon and brown spot disease of tangerines caused by distinct pathotypes of Alternaria alternata, and postharvest fruit black rot disease caused by A. citri, are the three major fungal diseases of citrus. The pathogenicity and specificity for the pathogens of Alternaria leaf spot and brown spot diseases are associated with the production of different host-specific tox...

Escherichia coli, an intestinal Gram-negative bacterium, has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases in addition to intestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), meningitis in neonates, septicemia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and colisepticemia. Thus, for nonintestinal infections, it is categorized as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). It i...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an emerging agent among pathogens that causes diarrhea. Studies showed that diarrheagenic E. coli such as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC) and shiga toxin producing ...