granting of intellectual property rights on biological materials could be very contentious issue from cultural, legal, ethical and religious points of view. this could be even more complicated, once it acquires an international dimension. the agreement on trade related intellectual property rights (trips) is the latest international arrangement under which, a complex structure for international...

background: transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (pda) is a minimally invasive treatment. the appropriate device size is chosen based on the angiographic measurement of the pda . the current study aimed to assess the relationship between the transthoracic echocardiographic (tte) measurements of the pda prior to the occlusion procedure and the actual size of the deployed devic...

in this retrospective study, 510 infants and children with patent ductus arteriosus (pda) who underwent surgery at the shahid rajai heart hospital in tehran were evaluated to determine the rate of surgical complications, morbidity and mortality. 30 patients (6%) developed minor to major complications postoperatively. four patients who had undergone pda ligation without division required reopera...

Supravesical hernias develop at the supravesical fossa between the remnants of the urachus and the left or right umbilical artery. They are exceptional and are often the cause of intestinal obstruction. We report two cases of surgically proven internal supravesical hernias presenting with small bowel obstruction. Abdominal computed tomography showed, for our first case, the relation of the inca...

there are many agreements for transferring technology, but license agreement is the most important agreement in this regard. according to the mentioned agreement, the owner of patent or technology as licensor grants the license to licensee in specific duration and in a given territory. exclusive rights of licensor and the objectives of competition law, including the welfare of consumers or prev...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: this randomized clinical trial compared rates of stroke or transient ischemic attack recurrence or death in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (pfo) who received medical treatment with aspirin or warfarin. materials and methods: forty-four iranian patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale participat...