According to gap-phase dynamics theory, forests can be divided into four distinct patch types: gap patch (G), building patch (B), mature patch (M), and degeneration patch (D). Varying light conditions across patch types are one of the most important factors affecting the coexistence of vegetation. Mechanisms of coexistence can be understood through detailed knowledge of ecophysiological respons...

Despite the many advantages of microstrip patch antennas, they do have some considerable drawbacks. One of the main limitations with patch antennas is their inherently narrowband performance due to its resonant nature. With bandwidth as low as a few percent; broadband applications using conventional patch designs are limited. So for the antenna miniaturization and bandwidth improvement H-shaped...

5G technology is the latest in market for high data rate communication based applications. There are some problems like signal blocking and attenuation occur at very become a problem communication. This can be solved by using MIMO antennas. Microstrip patch antenna used frequency Multiple array microstrip suitable CST software designing simulation of proposed antenna. The work 2x2 with tree sha...