BACKGROUND There are mounting calls for robust, critical evaluation of the impact of patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research. However, questions remain about how to assess its impact, and whether it should be assessed at all. The debate has thus far been dominated by professionals. OBJECTIVE To explore the views of PPI contributors involved in health research regarding the imp...

During 1992 and 1993, I undertook a field study in the Northeast of the United States to learn why wages and salaries seldom fall during recessions.1 I interviewed more than 330 business people, labor leaders, counselors of unemployed workers, labor market intermediaries (headhunters), labor lawyers, and management consultants. The purpose of the study was exploratory; much of my effort went in...

introduction: neurohormones like testosterone and estradiol have an important role in learning and memory. the hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory, and is known to be a target for estradiol actions. estrogen receptors (ers) are highly expressed in ca1 of rat hippocampus, and mediate the effects of estrogen on learning and memory. estradiol receptor belong to a family of t...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a disorder with multiple pathophysiological causes, destructive outcomes, and no available definitive cure. pelargonidin (pel), an anthocyanin derivative, is an estrogen receptor agonist with little estrogen side effects. this study was designed to assess pel memory enhancing effects on the a rat amyloid beta 25-35 (aβ) intrahippocampal microinjections model of ad in...

BACKGROUND Major reviews of the health effects of passive smoking have been subjected to tobacco industry campaigns to refute the scientific evidence. Following the 1992 US Environmental Protection Agency review, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) initiated a review of the health effects of passive smoking. At the time of this review, evidence that environmental...

The noradrenergic nucleus locus ceruleus (LC) is associated classically with arousal and attention. Recent data suggest that it might also play a role in motivation. To study how LC neuronal responses are related to motivational intensity, we recorded 121 single neurons from two monkeys while reward size (one, two, or four drops) and the manner of obtaining reward (passive vs active) were both ...

Based on the work of Self-Determination Theory, this article suggests how to implement SelfDetermination Theory based principle in a learnercentered perspective. Higher education has traditionally rested on learning methods that render passive students. Societal changes require selfregulatory skills and an active motivational set. However, lack of theoretical, empirical and practical driven the...

The talk consists of four parts. In the first part, the motivation is explained for revisiting certain questions in circuit theory, in particular, the synthesis theory of “one-port” (i.e. with a pair of external driving terminals) RLC networks and the questions of minimality associated with the Bott-Duffin procedure. The motivation relates to the synthesis of passive mechanical impedances and t...

introduction: this study was conducted to evaluate the association of dimensions of an efficient teacher with entrepreneurial motivation from the viewpoint of students. methods: the study population of this research included 110 pharmacy students (above third semester) at kermanshah university of medical sciences, among whom 86 students were selected as the study sample through simple random sa...