This study focuses on the passive dynamic walking to enable a biped robot on level ground to walk efficiently with simple mechanisms. To build an efficient bipedal robot, utilizing the dynamical property of the robot system is a useful approach. McGeer studied passivedynamic walking, and showed a biped robot without actuators and controllers can walk stably down a shallow slope in simulations a...

The primate middle temporal area (MT) is involved in the analysis and perception of visual motion, which is generated actively by eye and body movements and passively when objects move. We studied the responses of single cells in area MT of awake macaques, comparing the direction tuning and latencies of responses evoked by wide-field texture motion during fixation (passive viewing) and during r...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate Mulligan's technique for relieving pain and improving functional capacity of the shoulder in patients with adhesive capsulitis in the stiffness phase. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. METHODS A total of 40 subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups: (i) group 1 (n = 20) were treated with hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and passive stretchi...

BACKGROUND Few reconstructive methods to treat displaced acromioclavicular separations have been evaluated using kinematic data. HYPOTHESIS The modified Weaver-Dunn reconstruction restores intact acromioclavicular joint motion during passive scapular plane abduction. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Acromioclavicular joint motion was recorded during passive humeral elevat...

QUESTION What is the inter-rater reliability for measurements of passive physiological or accessory movements in upper extremity joints? DESIGN Systematic review of studies of inter-rater reliability. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with and without upper extremity disorders. OUTCOME MEASURES Range of motion and end-feel using methods feasible in clinical practice. RESULTS Twenty-one studies w...

Robot-assisted rehabilitation has been developed and proved effective for motion function recovery. Humanization is one of the crucial issues in the designing of robot-based rehabilitation system. However, most of the previous investigations focus on the simplex position control when comes to the control system design of robot-assisted passive training, and pay little attention to the dynamic a...

[Purpose] Early postoperative passive motion exercise after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair remains controversial. To better understand this issue, this study was aimed at evaluating scapular kinematics and muscle activities during passive arm elevation in healthy subjects. [Subjects and Methods] The dominant shoulders of 27 healthy subjects were examined. Electromagnetic sensors attached to t...

Background: Adequate passive stiffness of the hip joint can prevent the occurrence of excessive transverse plane lower limb movement during functional activities. Strength training of the hip lateral rotator muscles can be used to increase the stiffness of this joint. However, the relationship between hip joint passive stiffness and muscle strength remains undocumented in the literature. Object...

BACKGROUND Adequate passive stiffness of the hip joint can prevent the occurrence of excessive transverse plane lower limb movement during functional activities. Strength training of the hip lateral rotator muscles can be used to increase the stiffness of this joint. However, the relationship between hip joint passive stiffness and muscle strength remains undocumented in the literature. OBJEC...