objective: the immunomodulatory effect of geranial, geranial acetate, gingerol, and eugenol essential oils were evaluated by studying humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. materials and method: the essential oils were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity in in vivo studies, using rats as the animal model. the essential oils were tested for hypersensitivity and hemagglutination reaction...

background and aims: adventitious agents, especially viral agents are among the most important concerns in viral vaccines. viral contamination of biological products may arise from the original source of the reagents such as, serum, trypsin, animal or human derived media components or cell culture and working seed or cross contamination of vaccine during production. in this study, adventitious ...

A comparison is made between the automated reagin test (ART) using Technicon AutoAnalyzer equipment and the reagin screen test (RST) introduced by Lederle using a new antigen formulation. Treponemal haemagglutination tests (TPHA) were done simultaneously as second screen tests. The absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody test (FTA-ABS) was used in all seropositive cases. Altogether 1154 sera w...