Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more fre...

This paper presents the first actor-critic algorithm for o↵-policy reinforcement learning. Our algorithm is online and incremental, and its per-time-step complexity scales linearly with the number of learned weights. Previous work on actor-critic algorithms is limited to the on-policy setting and does not take advantage of the recent advances in o↵policy gradient temporal-di↵erence learning. O↵...

this article discusses the stylistic criticism of the adonis’s poetry, based on the book modern poetic style by salah fadel. for this purpose, this article focuses on the critic himself and investigates the basic issues that he raised, specifies the concept and the expressions that he conceptualized, and the methodological techniques that he employed. this researcher believes that the critic ha...

We propose a simple framework for critic-based training of recurrent neural networks and feedback controllers. We term the critics that are used primitive adaptive critics, since we represent them with the simplest possible architecture (bias weight only). We derive this framework from two main premises. The first of these is a natural similarity between a form of approximate dynamic programmin...

This paper is concerned with the observer designing problem for a class of uncertain delayed nonlinear systems using reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning is used via two Wavelet Neural networks (WNN), critic WNN and action WNN, which are combined to form an adaptive WNN controller. The “strategic” utility function is approximated by the critic WNN and is minimized by the action WNN. A...

This chapter comments on that by Chris Fuchs on qBism. It presents some mild criticisms of this view, some based on the EPR and Wigner’s friend scenarios, and some based on the quantum theory of measurement. A few alternative suggestions for implementing a subjectivist interpretation of probability in quantum mechanics conclude the chapter. “M. Braque est un jeune homme fort audacieux. [...] Il...