reconsolidation memory is defined as a process in which the retrieval of a previously consolidated memory returns to a labile state which is then subject to stabilization. previous studies have shown that mineralocorticoid receptors (mrs) modulate distinct phases of learning and memory, which display a high concentration and distinct distribution in the hippocampus. moreover, we found no studie...

We examined the effect of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, donepezil hydrocloride (DONP), on group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonist- or antagonist-induced amnesia in the step-through passive avoidance task in male mice. DCG-IV, a group II mGlu receptor agonist, at dose of 50 ng and LY341495, a group II mGlu receptor antagonist, at dose of 300 ng, significantly attenua...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic products in resins lining metal cans, in dental sealants and in blends with other types of plastic products. In sharp contrast, there are many published studies that BPA has a wide range of significant adverse effects including structural and neurochemical changes throughout the brain associated with behavioral changes, such as hype...

Background: Neurohormones like testosterone and estrogen play important roles in learning and memory. Estrogen receptors, densely expressed in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus, mediate the effects of estrogen on learning and memory. Estrogen receptors belong to a family of transcription factors, the nuclear receptor super family, and have two subtypes, estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor...

introduction hippocampus is a well-defined brain region involved in learning and memory. in spite of the existing reports on hippocampal-dependent memory impairment due to noise stress, to our knowledge, there is no study on the effect of noise stress on the size of hippocampus. the present study aimed to investigate the likely effects of chronic noise exposure on learning and the size of rat h...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease was known as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and is characterized by dementia and severe neuronal loss in the some regions of brain such as nucleus basalis magnocellularis. It plays an important role in the brain functions such as learning and memory. Loss of cholinergic neurons of nucleus basalis magnocellularis by ibotenic acid can common...