the character of cosmopolitanism in e-commerce disputes is much more complicated than in normal international transactions. internet environment has created challenges and changes about the governing law of contracts in this space. this cyber space has technical and legal differences in compared with physical environment. in this paper, we intend to answer this question that in dispute arising ...

In developing a contractual response to changes in the economic environment, parties choose the method by which their innovation will be adapted to the particulars of their context. These choices are driven centrally by the thickness of the relevant market—the number of actors who see themselves as facing similar circumstances—and the uncertainty related to that market. In turn, the parties’ ch...

Operative commencement date of the contract: the first day of the month after the last signature of the contracting parties

In PODC 2003, Micali presented a fair electronic exchange protocol for contract signing with an invisible trusted party [17]. The protocol was filed as a US patent No 5666420 in 1997 [16]. In the protocol, two mutually distrusted parties exchange their commitments to a contract in a fair way such that either each of them can obtain the other’s commitment, or neither of them does. The protocol i...

Every novel cooperative arrangement of mutually suspicious parties interacting electronically — every smart contract — effectively requires a new cryptographic protocol. However, if every new contract requires new cryptographic protocol design, our dreams of cryptographically enabled electronic commerce would be unreachable. Cryptographic protocol design is too hard and expensive, given our unl...

Confidentiality, copyright and reproduction This document has been prepared by AEA Technology plc in connection with a contract to supply goods and/or services and is submitted only on the basis of strict confidentiality. The contents must not be disclosed to third parties other than in accordance with the terms of the contract.

Background In the attempt to move towards universal health coverage (UHC), many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are actively seeking to contract-out non-state providers (NSPs) to deliver health services to a specified population. Research on contracting-out has focused more on the impact of contracting-out than on the actual processes underlying the intervention and contextual factors ...

Most experienced negotiators are comfortable working out the terms of the “economic contract,” or the “letter of the deal” around issues such as price, investment, equity splits, governance provisions, warrantees, and exit clauses. Yet even where the economics are compelling, the “spirit of the deal” or “social contract” can get short shrift. Though the parties sign the same deal, their minds m...

Good faith is fundamentals in every contract, without which a contract will find it difficult to achieve its goals. In 2019, through made before notary the hall of Kampar Regent Office, Kooperasi Nenek Eno Senamanenek and PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV start new beginning after long period dispute over community’s customary land. The good fulfillment between KNES PTPN V would affect legal relation...