Patients with aggressive urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) that undergo radical cystectomy or nephroureterectomy exhibit markedly high rates of disease recurrence and mortality. To select appropriate adjuvant thxerapies in addition to radical surgery, the identification of predictive prognostic markers for UCC patients is required. The aim of the present study was to identify such markers, by eva...

caspian region is on the receiver of caspian sea with five coastal states including of iran, russia, azerbaijan, turkmenistan and kazakhstan - in the surrounding sea, due to having common points in the features of natural geography, special location, political and cultural and historical background, is known as a geopolitical region. following the collapse of the soviet ::::union::::, due to ch...

plantinga, wolterstorff and westphal are three eminent christian philosophers in the united states today. this paper will examine plantinga, wolterstorff, and westphal's response to kant's anti-realist epistemology. while perhaps many christian philosophers doing philosophy of religion in the united states follow the common-sense realism of thomas reid, some philosophers, like merold ...

to the editor: The discussion in Images in Clinical Medicine by Hylton and Goldberg (July 8 issue)1 implies that the circumpapillary retinal ridge is pathognomonic for the shaken-baby syndrome. This belief was widely held among ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and forensic pathologists until it was recently challenged.2,3 Two studies used a process associated with evidence-based medicine to eva...

Cell-free fetal DNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) could significantly change the paradigm of prenatal testing and screening. Intellectual property (IP) and commercialization promise to be important components of the emerging debate about clinical implementation of these technologies. We have assembled information about types of testing, prices, turnaround times, and reimbursement of...

OBJECTIVES We examined associations between neighborhood demographic characteristics and the availability of commercial physical activity-related outlets by zip code across the United States. METHODS Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the availability of 4 types of outlets: (1) physical fitness facilities, (2) membership sports and recreation clubs, (3) dance facilities, and (4) p...