The purpose of this paper is to propose a refinement of the notion of innateness. If we merely identify innateness with bias, then we obtain a poor characterisation of this notion, since any learning device relies on a bias that makes it choose a given hypothesis instead of another. We show that our intuition of innateness is better captured by a characteristic of bias, related to isotropy. Gen...

Genetics contributes importantly to learning abilities and disabilities-not just to reading, the target of most genetic research, but also to mathematics and other academic areas as well. One of the most important recent findings from quantitative genetic research such as twin studies is that the same set of genes is largely responsible for genetic influence across these domains. We call these ...

Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia , Homona mermerodes , in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different...

The Royal College of General Practitioners describes generalism as expertise in whole person medical care[1]. According to the Shape of Training review, there is a need to train more generalists to deal with the changing pressures that face today’s health services, such as growing numbers of patients with multiple chronic morbidities[2,3]. General practitioners (GPs) are the largest number of t...

This paper describes the main characteristics of GRSK, a Generalist Recommender System Kernel. It is a RS based on the semantic description of the domain, which allows the system to work with any domain as long as the data of this domain can be defined through an ontology representation. GRSK uses several Basic Recommendation and Hybrid Techniques to obtain the recommended items. Through the GR...

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering report has received a great deal of attention from legislators, policymakers, and educators, but what does it entail for social justice considerations in engineering? This article situates the Grand Challenges report as a cultural artifact of the engineering profession—an artifact that works to reinforce engineering’s p...

Generalist species commonly have a fundamental role in ecosystems as they can integrate spatially distinct habitats and food-web compartments, as well as control the composition, abundance and behavior of organisms at different trophic levels. Generalist populations typically consist of specialized individuals, but the potential for and hence degree of individual niche variation can be largely ...

Herbivory-induced responses in plants can both negatively affect subsequently colonizing herbivores and mitigate the effect of herbivory on the host. However, it is still less known whether plants exhibit specific responses to specialist and generalist herbivores in non-secondary metabolite traits and how specificity to specialists and generalists differs between invasive and native plant popul...