UNPUBLISHED-1-SUMMARY Optical fibers are frequently used to measure particle concentration in dense gas-solid flows, because they are simple, they yield strong signals, and they create minimum disturbances, see for example, Hartge, Rensner, and Werther [Chem. (1989)]. Despite their apparent simplicity, their signals do not always yield an unequivocal measurement of particle concentration. Using...

BACKGROUND It is critical to develop new metrics to determine whether HDL is cardioprotective in humans. One promising approach is HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), the size and concentration of HDL in plasma. However, the 2 methods currently used to determine HDL-P yield concentrations that differ >5-fold. We therefore developed and validated an improved approach to quantify HDL-P, termed ca...

The onset of thermal convection in a horizontal layer of a colloidal suspension is investigated in terms of a continuum model for binary-fluid mixtures where the viscosity depends on the local concentration of colloidal particles. With an increasing difference between the viscosity at the warmer and the colder boundary the threshold of convection is reduced in the range of positive values of th...

This monograph presents some new concentration inequalities for Feynman-Kac particle processes. We analyze different types of stochastic particle models, including particle profile occupation measures, genealogical tree based evolution models, particle free energies, as well as backward Markov chain particle models. We illustrate these results with a series of topics related to computational ph...

Accurate number concentrations of particles in liquid media are needed to assess the quality of water, pharmaceuticals, and other liquids, yet there are limited reference materials or calibration services available with clear traceability to the International System of Units. We describe two methods, based on very simple modifications of commercial particle counter instruments, that can provide...

Compact low-cost sensors for measuring particulate matter (PM) concentrations are receiving significant attention as they can be used in larger numbers and in a distributed manner. Most low-cost particle sensors work on optical scattering measurements from the aerosol. To ensure accurate and reliable determination of PM mass concentrations, a relationship of the scattering signal to mass concen...

The turbulent coagulation of micron-sized colloidal particles in a liquid is controlled by the shearing motion produced by Kolmogorov scale eddies. The rate of energy dissipation has fluctuations which vary over the integral length and time scale in a homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flow. We present a model of the particle concentrations and coagulation rates in a set of fluid packets that are...

17-53 ABSTRACT Both physical form and chemical nature of fiber is important to ruminant animals. A recently developed method for determining particle size distribution was used to characterize typical distributions for forages and total mixed rations (TMR) from the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. An effective fiber index (EFI) and modified effective fiber index (MEFI) are proposed which link ph...

Thermal convection in nanofluids is investigated by means of a continuum model for binary-fluid mixtures, with a thermal conductivity depending on the local concentration of colloidal particles. The applied temperature difference between the upper and the lower boundary leads via the Soret effect to a variation of the colloid concentration and, therefore, to a spatially varying heat conductivit...

Spatial distributions of heavy particles suspended in an incompressible isotropic and homogeneous turbulent flow are investigated by means of high resolution direct numerical simulations. In the dissipative range, it is shown that particles form fractal clusters with properties independent of the Reynolds number. Clustering is there optimal when the particle response time is of the order of the...