natural resources protection not only depends on technology but also on local institutions and organizations. using local organizations like islamic rural councils (ircs) is an alternative to make a proper sustainable organizational framework for managing natural resources as they have the effective role in enhancing rural participation. hence, many countries seek to exhort and use the local pa...

Evidence based medicine has had an increasing impact on primary care over the last few years. In the UK it has influenced the development of guidelines and quality standards for clinical practice and the allocation of resources for drug treatments and other interventions. It has informed the thinking around patient involvement in decision making with the concept of evidence based patient choice...

OBJECTIVE To contribute to the current knowledge on how a broad range of services offered by general practitioners (GPs) may contribute to the patient perceived quality and, hence, the potential benefits of primary care. STUDY SETTING Between 2011 and 2013, primary care data were collected among GPs and their patients in 31 European countries, plus Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In these...

Although the importance of patient participation in the design and evaluation of health programs and services is well-documented, there is scarcity of research with regard to patient association (PA) participation in health policy decision-making processes. To this end, the present study aimed to validate further a previously developed instrument as well as to investigate the degree of PA parti...

CONTEXT Existing measurements of patient preferences cover only a limited range of health information and participation in decision making. A broader approach is necessary to understand the breadth and variations in patient preferences. OBJECTIVE To explore the breadth and variances in patient preferences for health information and participation in decision making and to understand the relati...